Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for improving the efficiency and reducing the hydrocarbon exhaust emissions of combustion engines having a circulating water cooling system and a carburetor having a vacuum inlet port and a fuel inlet port and a fuel pump connected between the fuel inlet port and a fuel tank. In addition, a heat exchanger having a first tank is connected to the circulating water system to provide heat to a tube passing through the first tank and connected between the fuel tank and the fuel pump to expand the fuel in the tube. A second tank partially filled with water is in heat exchange relationship with the first tank and it has a pipe for introducing air into the water. An additional pipe is provided for connecting the unfilled part of the second tank to the vacuum inlet port of the carburetor for drawing air from the air pipe through the water when it absorbs moisture before transmission to the carburetor.

Abstract: An electromagnetic motor and generator is disclosed having a pair of solenoids wound on a cylinder, each of said solenoids comprising three separate but connected windings. A magnetizable piston is positioned for reciprocation in the cylinder and is connected to a rotatably mounted crankshaft. A commutator connected to the crankshaft and interposed in an electric circuit selectively energizes the solenoids to cause rotary motion of the crankshaft. An additional circuit means is also provided for recapturing electrical energy generated in each of the solenoids upon deenergization of the solenoid by said switch.