Abstract: A process for upgrading a hydrocarbon feed to produce light olefins, includes contacting the hydrocarbon feed with steam in the presence of a cracking catalyst in a steam catalytic cracking reactor at reaction conditions sufficient to cause at least a portion of the hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon feed to undergo one or more cracking reactions to produce a steam catalytic cracking effluent comprising ethylene, propylene, or both, wherein the process is capable of being transitioned between an ethylene-selective mode and a propylene-selective mode; determining whether to produce ethylene or propylene; when producing ethylene, then operating the process in ethylene-selective mode comprises producing more ethylene than propylene; or when producing propylene, then operating the process in propylene-selective mode comprises producing more propylene than ethylene.

Abstract: Embodiments of a process for producing high grade coke from crude oil residue include at least partially separating, in a solvent extraction unit, the crude oil residue into a deasphalted oil (DAO)-containing stream and an asphaltene containing-stream, producing a pressurized, heated DAO-containing stream, where the pressurized, heated DAO-containing stream, mixing a supercritical water stream with the pressurized, heated DAO-containing stream to create a combined feed stream, introducing the combined feed stream to an upgrading reactor system operating at supercritical temperature and pressure to yield one or more upgrading reactor output streams comprising upgraded product and a slurry mixture, where the slurry mixture comprises sulfur and one or more additional metals. The process also may include calcining the slurry mixture at a temperature of from 700° C. to 1900° C. to produce a product stream comprising the high grade coke.

Abstract: Embodiments of a process for producing high grade coke from crude oil residue include at least partially separating, in a solvent extraction unit, the crude oil residue into a deasphalted oil (DAO)-containing stream and an asphaltene containing-stream, producing a pressurized, heated DAO-containing stream, where the pressurized, heated DAO-containing stream, mixing a supercritical water stream with the pressurized, heated DAO-containing stream to create a combined feed stream, introducing the combined feed stream to an upgrading reactor system operating at supercritical temperature and pressure to yield one or more upgrading reactor output streams comprising upgraded product and a slurry mixture, where the slurry mixture comprises sulfur and one or more additional metals. The process also may include calcining the slurry mixture at a temperature of from 700° C. to 1900° C. to produce a product stream comprising the high grade coke.

Abstract: Embodiments of a process for producing paraffins from a petroleum-based composition comprising long chain aromatics comprise mixing a supercritical water stream with a pressurized, heated petroleum-based composition to create a combined feed stream, introducing the combined feed stream to a first reactor through an inlet port of the first reactor, where the first reactor operates at supercritical pressure and temperature, cracking at least a portion of the long chain aromatics in the first reactor to form a first reactor product, and then introducing the first reactor product to a second reactor through an upper inlet port of the second reactor operating at supercritical pressure and temperature, where the second reactor is a downflow reactor comprising an upper inlet port, a lower outlet port, and a middle outlet port are provided. The middle outlet product passing out of the middle outlet port comprises paraffins and short chain aromatics.

Abstract: Embodiments of a process for producing high grade coke from crude oil residue include at least partially separating, in a solvent extraction unit, the crude oil residue into a deasphalted oil (DAO)-containing stream and an asphaltene containing-stream, producing a pressurized, heated DAO-containing stream, where the pressurized, heated DAO-containing stream, mixing a supercritical water stream with the pressurized, heated DAO-containing stream to create a combined feed stream, introducing the combined feed stream to an upgrading reactor system operating at supercritical temperature and pressure to yield one or more upgrading reactor output streams comprising upgraded product and a slurry mixture, where the slurry mixture comprises sulfur and one or more additional metals. The process also may include calcining the slurry mixture at a temperature of from 700° C. to 1900° C. to produce a product stream comprising the high grade coke.

Abstract: Embodiments of a process for producing paraffins from a petroleum-based composition comprising long chain aromatics comprise mixing a supercritical water stream with a pressurized, heated petroleum-based composition to create a combined feed stream, introducing the combined feed stream to a first reactor through an inlet port of the first reactor, where the first reactor operates at supercritical pressure and temperature, cracking at least a portion of the long chain aromatics in the first reactor to form a first reactor product, and then introducing the first reactor product to a second reactor through an upper inlet port of the second reactor operating at supercritical pressure and temperature, where the second reactor is a downflow reactor comprising an upper inlet port, a lower outlet port, and a middle outlet port are provided. The middle outlet product passing out of the middle outlet port comprises paraffins and short chain aromatics.

Abstract: Embodiments of a process for producing high grade coke from crude oil residue include at least partially separating, in a solvent extraction unit, the crude oil residue into a deasphalted oil (DAO)-containing stream and an asphaltene containing-stream, producing a pressurized, heated DAO-containing stream, where the pressurized, heated DAO-containing stream, mixing a supercritical water stream with the pressurized, heated DAO-containing stream to create a combined feed stream, introducing the combined feed stream to an upgrading reactor system operating at supercritical temperature and pressure to yield one or more upgrading reactor output streams comprising upgraded product and a slurry mixture, where the slurry mixture comprises sulfur and one or more additional metals. The process also may include calcining the slurry mixture at a temperature of from 700° C. to 1900° C. to produce a product stream comprising the high grade coke.

Abstract: In the pyrolytic oil-production index method, or POPI method, the numerical values obtained by the application of the prior art POPI method are standardized or normalized. In another aspect, the POPI method and associated data are employed in combination with other empirically determined information to provide values of (1) the API gravity for the reservoir oil; (2) the Apparent Water Saturation (ASw) of the reservoir rock; and (3) the cementation and saturation exponents that are used in the Archie equation for calculating the water saturation in the oil-reservoir rock. This method results in the standardization of the numerical values derived by the POPI method. Applying the normalization or standardization process to the POPI method results in the conversion of the numerical value of POPIo for good oil-producing reservoir rock to a standard value.