Abstract: Time domain reflectometers are described that include a sensor circuit, a feed line, a lead line, and a signal generator. The feed line and lead line are configured such that when a signal propagates through the feed line and the guide line at least one of the reflected signals of the plurality of reflected signals is delayed beyond full measurement range of the apparatus so as to prevent the reflected signal from being possibly sensed.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a first device including a first switch and a transmission circuit. The switch circuit is in one of a plurality of possible switch states. The transmission circuit is communicatively coupled to the first switch circuit and is configured to transmit a wireless communication signal upon the first switch changing state. A second device includes a receiver circuit and a second switch circuit. The receiver circuit is configured to remotely receive the wireless communication signal from the transmission circuit. The second switch circuit is communicatively coupled to the receiver circuit, wherein, upon receipt of the wireless communication signal, a state of the second switch is synchronized to the state of the first switch.

Abstract: This document discusses, among other things, backlit apparatuses and methods therefor. In an example, an apparatus includes a backlit apparatus for controlling an end device. A housing has an opening in a front end of the housing. An actuation unit is attached to the housing. The actuation unit is coupled to the end device and configured to at least partially control the end device. A light source unit is disposed within the housing. The light source unit is configured to emit light within the housing. A light member is disposed at the opening in the housing. The light member includes properties configured to transmit the light emitted by the light source unit. The light source unit and the light member are configured to provide backlighting of the apparatus. In another example, a method includes cost-effectively providing backlighting to such an apparatus.

Abstract: A cardiac stimulating apparatus and method which optimizes cardiac performance by determining, from a filtered waveform transmitted from an accelerometer contained within the cardiac pacer, an optimum timing interval between at least one of intrinsic and paced stimulations of pre-selected chambers of the heart. Digitized data of the accelerometer signal, corresponding with identified R--R intervals, are stored for a plurality of preselected timing intervals for analysis and comparison. The accelerometer signal is filtered to isolate features of the waveform associated with specific cardiac events including for example, the first heart sound, the second heart sound or an amplitude in the frequency domain thereof. Characteristic values of these features of the accelerometer signal are calculated over a plurality of complete R--R intervals for each of the preselected timing intervals. The characteristic values are analyzed and compared to determine which timing interval optimizes cardiac performance.

Abstract: A multiaxial transducer interconnection apparatus. The apparatus comprises first, second and third substrate modules each having a plurality of electrical tracks thereon. A portion of the electrical tracks is structured and arranged to interconnect the substrate modules in an orthogonal relationship to each other. The plurality of tracks on each substrate module is further arranged to form a pattern identical to the plurality of tracks on the other substrate modules. The substrate modules each include a mounting region whereon transducer die elements are mounted. One alternate embodiment of the invention would include a base upon which the modules would mount. Another alternate invention of the invention employs a chip carrier to support the multiaxial transducer of the invention.