Abstract: An electrochemical/electrocontrollable device having variable optical and/or energetic properties, including at least one carrier substrate including an electroactive layer or an electroactive layer stack arranged between a lower electrode and an upper electrode. At least one of the lower or upper electrodes includes at least four layers including at least one metal functional layer having intrinsic electrical conductivity properties, the functional layer being associated with an electrochemical barrier layer of an electrically conductive material transparent in the visible range, the electrochemical barrier layer being associated with a humidity protection layer of an electrically conductive material transparent in the visible range, and the functional layer being associated with a first sublayer of electrically conductive material transparent in the visible range.

Abstract: One subject of the invention is a material comprising a substrate coated on at least one portion of at least one of its faces with a stack comprising a photocatalytic layer, the geometrical thickness of which is between 2 and 30 nm, and at least one pair of respectively high and low refractive index layers positioned underneath said photocatalytic layer so that in the or each pair, the or each high refractive index layer is closest to the substrate, said material being such that the optical thickness, for a wavelength of 350 nm, of the or each high refractive index layer, except the photocatalytic layer, is between 170 and 300 nm and the optical thickness, for a wavelength of 350 nm, of the or each low refractive index layer is between 30 and 90 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochromic device having at least one active area (CDEF), having, on a carrier substrate (3), a multilayer stack comprising a layer forming a lower electrode (4), various functional layers (7) at least one of which is an electrochromic layer, at least one (6, 7a) of these layers being electrically insulating, and an upper electrode (9), in which device: at least one partition (5) separating the surface of the lower electrode (4) into two isolated regions, namely a free region (4a) and an active region (4b) containing the active area (CDEF); and at least one partition (12) separating the surface of the upper electrode (9) into two regions electrically isolated from each other, namely a free region (9a) and an active region (9b) containing the active area (CDEF).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochromic device having controlled infrared reflection, in particular of the electrically controllable type, comprising, between a carrier substrate (1a) transparent in the infrared range and a counter-substrate (1b), a multilayer stack. The device is characterized in that this multilayer stack comprises, in succession: a) a metal grid (3) transparent in the infrared range, forming a first electrode; b) an electrochromic functional system (5) comprising a layer (EC1) of an ion-storage first electrochromic material, at least one layer (EL1, EL2) having an electrolytic function, and a layer (EC2) of a second electrochromic material; c) a metal layer (7) capable of reflecting the infrared radiation, forming a second electrode; and d) a lamination interlayer (9) made of a thermoplastic polymer.

Abstract: A device including a multilayer stack of: a first substrate having a glass function; a first electronically conductive layer with an associated current lead; an electroactive system; a second electronically conductive layer with an associated current lead; and a second substrate having a glass function. Each of the electronically conductive layers has a resistance per unit area enabling it to have an equipotential surface in coloring mode and bleaching mode, and each having a variable resistance that gradually decreases from the periphery toward the interior of the electrically controllable device by choosing the resistance at the center of the glazing, in the zone or zones furthest away from the current leads, so that the ohmic drop over the central surface of the substrates of the glazing, in the zone or zones furthest away from the current leads, is at most equal to 5% of the voltage applied across the terminals of the device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new method for measuring a calcium-dependent phospholipase A1 or A2 enzymatic activity in a sample, comprising the following steps: a) contacting said sample with a solid phase coated with a fluorochrome-labelled phospholipase A1 or A2 substrate, wherein the molecular coverage is in the range 8 to 30 fluorochrome-labelled phospholipase A1 or A2 substrate molecules/nm2 in conditions where calcium-dependent phospholipase A1 or A2 enzymatic activity is blocked. b) reading the fluorescence emission overtime c) adding a solution to initiate calcium-dependent phospholipase A1 or A2 enzymatic activity d) reading the fluorescence emission overtime, and kits for carrying out said method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new method for measuring phospholipase A1 or A2 activity in a sample, using a solid phase coated with a fluorochrome-labelled phospholipase A1 or A2 substrate, wherein the molecular coverage is in the range from 8 to 30 fluorochrome-labelled phospholipase A1 or A2 substrate molecules/nm2, and kit for carrying out said method.

Abstract: The manufacture of a submillimetric grid includes the production of a mask having submillimetric openings, referred to as a network mask, on the main face, from a solution of colloidal nanoparticles with a given glass transition temperature Tg, the drying of the masking layer at a temperature below the Tg; the formation of the electroconductive grid from the network mask including in this order: deposition of at least one electroconductive material, referred to as grid material, having an electricity resistivity of less than 10?5 ohm.cm; removal of the masking layer, revealing the mother grid; optional deposition, by electrodeposition, of an electroconductive material, referred to as overgrid material, the surface subjacent to the mother grid then being dielectric; a detachment, of the mother grid or the overgrid, of a thickness of at least 500 nm. The invention also relates to the detached grid.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a mask having submillimetric openings, in which: for a masking layer, a first solution of colloidal nanoparticles in a first solvent is deposited, the particles having a given glass transition temperature Tg, the drying of the masking layer, known as the first masking layer, is carried out at a temperature below said temperature Tg until a mask having a two-dimensional network of substantially straight-edged submillimetric openings, that defines a mask zone known as a network mask zone is obtained, a solid mask zone is formed by a liquid deposition, on the face, of a second masking zone, the solid mask zone being adjacent to and in contact with the network mask zone, and/or at least one cover zone is formed, the cover zone being in contact with the network mask zone, and/or after the drying of the first masking layer, a filled mask zone is formed by filling, via a liquid route, openings of a portion of the network mask zone.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a mask having submillimetric openings, in which: for a masking layer, a solution of colloidal nanoparticles that are stabilized and dispersed in a first solvent is deposited, the particles having a given glass transition temperature Tg, the drying of the masking layer is carried out at a temperature below the temperature Tg until a mask having a two-dimensional network of submillimetric openings is obtained with substantially straight mask area edges, in a zone referred to as a network mask zone, a zone free of masking is formed on the face by mechanical and/or optical removal of at least one peripheral portion of the network mask zone. The invention also relates to the network mask and the grid with an electroconductive solid zone that are thus obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochromic device having controlled infrared reflection, in particular of the electrically controllable type, comprising, between a carrier substrate (1a) transparent in the infrared range and a counter-substrate (1b), a multilayer stack. The device is characterized in that this multilayer stack comprises, in succession: a) a metal grid (3) transparent in the infrared range, forming a first electrode; b) an electrochromic functional system (5) comprising a layer (EC1) of an ion-storage first electrochromic material, at least one layer (EL1, EL2) having an electrolytic function, and a layer (EC2) of a second electrochromic material; c) a metal layer (7) capable of reflecting the infrared radiation, forming a second electrode; and d) a lamination interlayer (9) made of a thermoplastic polymer.

Abstract: Electrochemical/electrically controllable device having variable optical and/or energetic properties, including a first carrier substrate provided with an electrically conductive layer associated with a first stack of electrically active layers and a second carrier substrate provided with an electrically conductive layer associated with a second stack of electrically active layers, wherein the first and second stacks each function optically in series on at least a portion of their surface and are separated by an electrically insulating means, which is a gas, or is a vacuum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochromic device comprising: at least one partition (12) that separates the surface of the upper electrode (9) into two regions isolated from each other, namely a free region (9a) and an active region; at least one partition (5) that separates the surface of the lower electrode (4) into two regions electrically isolated from each other, namely a free region (4a) and an active region (4b); at least one free region (9a) of the upper electrode (9) receives a first current-supply connector (15) soldered to the active zone (4b) of the lower electrode (4); and the active area (9b) of the upper electrode (9) is in electrical contact with the connection means (20, 21a) connected to a second current-supply connector (21) electrically isolated from the free zone (9a) connected to the lower electrode (4).

Abstract: An electrochromic device, with controlled transparency, for example of electrically controllable type, including between a transparent carrier substrate and a counter-substrate, at least one stack of functional layers, the outermost layers of which include electroconductive layers, the conductivity of at least one electroconductive layer not in contact with the carrier substrate being reinforced by a network of conductive elements in contact with this layer. The network includes a mesh, for which the area of the intermesh free space is substantially between 0.04 mm2 and 0.16 mm2 or in a vicinity of 0.09 mm2.

Abstract: An electrically controllable/electrochemical device, having variable optical and/or energy properties, including at least one carrier substrate including a first electronically conductive layer, a first electrochemically active layer capable of reversibly inserting ions such as cations, H+, or Li+, or anions, OH?, or anions made of an anodic (or respectively cathodic) electrochromic material, an electrolyte layer, a second electrochemically active layer capable of reversibly inserting the ions, or made of a cathodic (or respectively anodic) electrochromic material, and a second electronically conductive layer. At least one of the electrochemically active layers capable of reversibly inserting the ions, or made of an anodic or cathodic electrochromic material, has a sufficient thickness to allow all the ions to be inserted without electrochemically disfunctioning the active layers.

Abstract: An electrochemical/electrically controllable device having variable optical and/or energetic properties, including a first carrier substrate including an electrically conductive layer associated with a first stack of electrically active layers and a second carrier substrate including an electrically conductive layer associated with a second stack of electrically active layers. The first and second stacks each function optically in series on at least a portion of their surface and are separated by an electrically insulating mechanism.

Abstract: Electrochromic device having at least one carrier substrate (S1) provided with a functional multilayer defining a deposition zone and comprising, in succession: a first electroconductive layer (1), (the one closest to the substrate); a first electrochemically active layer (2); an electrolyte layer (3); a second electrochemically active layer (4); and a second electroconductive layer (5), characterized in that the functional multilayer is deactivated, with the exception of the first electrochemically active layer (2), in at least a first, partial margination zone (A) located along at least one edge of said deposition zone.

Abstract: Electrochemical system comprising at least one substrate of organic nature, at least one electronically conductive layer and at least one active species, characterized in that it includes at least one organic layer lying between the electronically conductive layer and the substrate.

Abstract: An electroconductive layer (2) designed to be combined with a substrate having a glass function, said layer (2) being composed of a metal grid (9), characterized in that the metal grid (9) consists of a pure metal and in that it is coated with at least one electrochemical protection layer (10), especially a metal layer or a metal nitride layer.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a mask having submillimetric openings on a surface portion of a substrate, characterized in that: a layer known as a mask layer is deposited from a solution of colloidal particles that are stabilized and dispersed in a solvent; and the drying of the mask layer is carried out until a two-dimensional irregular network of substantially straight-edged interstices that gives a mask is obtained, with a random mesh of interstices in at least one direction. Submillimetric grid obtained by the process.