Abstract: A internal reforming type molten carbonate fuel cell is provided in which the process or flow direction of the reforming reaction of a raw fuel gas in the reforming reaction section is countercurrent to the flow direction of the oxidant gas in the cell reaction section. Therefore, a temperature difference in the fuel cell can be suppressed.

Abstract: A temperature control device for a fuel cell has a heat exchanger piping sandwiched between a pair of temperature control plates in heat exchange relation therewith, said temperature control plates having reaction gas conduit means on surfaces opposite to confronting surfaces thereof. A circulation piping is adapted for circulation by a heat medium and is hermetically connected to an outside piping located outside of said temperature control plates for providing a closed piping system therewith. Said circulation piping contains sealed-in heat medium so that a portion of the inside space of the circulation piping is left for a gaseous phase of the heat medium. Heat exchanger means are provided to said outside piping to effect heat exchange with heat medium in said circulation piping.

Abstract: A water producing apparatus comprises means for adsorbing a moisture in the ambient air in an adsorbent for adsorption or absorption; means for desorbing the water as a steam by heating the adsorbent; means for evaporating a low quality water with a latent heat in the condensation of the desorbed steam; and means for condensing the steam obtained from the low quality water into the liquid water, whereby the water productivity is remarkably improved.