Abstract: A ionic liquid composition to remove sulfur from refined crude oil fraction, comprising or consisting of two or more compounds having: —an imidazolium cation substituted by one or more straight or branched C1-C6 alkyl group and —an anion selected from the group consisting of R5COO, CI., Br, [BF4], [PF6]—, [SbF6]—, [R6SO4], [OTs], [OMs], wherein R5 is C1-C8 alkyl, Cs—Cs cycloalkyl, benzyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, and R6 is C1-C6 alkyl.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for preparing a water/diesel oil micro-emulsion including a diesel oil feeding unit, an emulsifying composition feeding unit, a water feeding unit, and a mixing tank in fluid communication therewith. A duct extends along main direction (X-X) and presents an inlet opening, outlet nozzle, and a cone shaped septum coaxial with respect to the main direction (X-X) and tapers towards the outlet nozzle. A plurality of holes is in the conical wall of the septum and a plurality of lamellae is arranged in the duct downstream of the septum. The plurality of lamellae creates a plurality of small chambers. Holes and the small chambers delimit a labyrinth passageway for liquid flowing through the duct towards the outlet nozzle. A batch is recirculated through the mixing tank and a conduit including a mixing device and then the fuel micro-emulsion batch is discharged.

Abstract: A method for producing biomass derived liquid, comprises: feeding biomass, a solvent and a catalyst into a batch reactor, and heating and mixing in the batch reactor a compound comprising the biomass, solvent, and catalyst. The solvent is glycerol and wherein feeding the solvent into the batch reactor is performed through electrostatic atomization.

Abstract: An apparatus for preparing a water/diesel oil micro-emulsion comprises a diesel oil feeding unit (2), an emulsifying composition feeding unit (3), a water feeding unit (4), a mixing tank (5) in fluid communication with the diesel oil feeding unit (2), with the emulsifying composition feeding unit (3) and with the water feeding unit (4). A mixing device (22) is operatively connected to the mixing tank (5). The mixing, device (22) comprises a duct (39) extending along a main direction (X-X) and presenting an inlet opening (40) and an outlet nozzle (4). A cone shaped septum (60) is placed in the duct (39), coaxial with respect to the main direction (X-X) and tapering towards the outlet nozzle (41). The cone shaped septum (60) is provided with a plurality of holes (65) made through its conical wall (63). A plurality of lamellae (76, 80) are arranged in at least a portion of the duct (39) placed downstream of the cone shaped septum (60).