Abstract: A granulation process wherein a liquid is sprayed into a prilling tower (1) by means of a rotating prilling bucket (15) having a perforated side wall (15a), and the liquid jets exiting said perforated side wall are subjected to a vibrating action according to the axial direction (A-A) of the prilling tower (1), while the remaining liquid mass inside the bucket is kept substantially free from said vibrating action. A suitable apparatus is also disclosed, wherein the peripheral side wall (15a) of the prilling bucket (15) is connected to vibration imparting means and has a flexible connection with the frame (15b, 15c) of the bucket.

Abstract: System for supporting a plate heat exchanger (10, 100, 200) inside an isothermal chemical reactor (1), comprising a circumferential ring structure (40) fixed at least to top radial sides (19s) of the plates (11), said structure being formed as a single or double ring.

Abstract: A system (8; 9; 50) is described of walls for catalytic beds of synthesis reactors (1), in which there is a wall (14) in direct contact with a catalytic bed (7) for containing it, said wall (14) having a plurality of portions (17) permeable to the gases and a plurality of portions (19; 54; 55) impermeable to the gases, said portions (17) permeable to the gases being equipped with slits (18; 52, 53; 60; 70) of a size such as to allow the free passage of the synthesis gases through them but not the passage of the catalyst, in which the slits are obtained with milling, water cutting or electro-erosion processing.

Abstract: A vibrating and rotating prilling bucket (15) for granulation of a fluid substance (U), said bucket (15) comprising a perforated side wall (15a) and vibrating devices (51, 52) arranged to deliver a force with constant direction (A-A). In a preferred embodiment, the vibrating unit comprise two counter-rotating vibrators delivering rotating forces which balance each other perpendicularly to said constant direction (A-A).

Abstract: A chemical reactor for catalytic reactions, comprises a substantially cylindrical shell (2) closed at the opposite ends by respective covers (3 and 4), at least one reaction zone (7, 8) in which a respective catalytic bed (9, 10) and a plurality of heat exchangers (25) placed in said at least one reaction zone (7, 8) are supported.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an isothermal reactor (1) comprising a substantially cylindrical shell (2), at least one catalytic bed (10) supported in the shell (2) and at least one heat exchange unit (13) supported in the bed (10), the heat exchange unit (13) comprising a plurality of exchangers (14) substantially box shaped, of essentially elongated rectangular and flattened structure, each of the exchangers (14) having opposite long sides (14a) parallel to the cylindrical shell (2) axis and opposite short sides (14b, 14c) extended perpendicularly with respect to the shell axis and comprising furthermore an inner chamber (18) through which a heat exchange operating fluid in intended to flow, wherein at least one exchanger (14) of such at least one heat exchange unit (13) is internally equipped with a plurality of separation baffles (19) extended from a short side (14b or 14c) of the exchanger to the opposite short side (14c or 14b) and in a predetermined spaced relationship with respect to the latter, defi

Abstract: A radial chemical reactor (10, 110, 210, 310) for catalytic reactions comprising: a substantially cylindrical shell (12), a first catalytic bed (18) having a substantially ring shaped cross-section, coaxially supported in said shell (12) and having a reagent gases inlet side (20) and a reaction mixture outlet side (21); a plurality of heat exchangers (22) supported and distributed in a substantially ring-shaped respective portion of said first catalytic bed (18); at least one second catalytic bed (28) with a substantially ring-shaped cross-section, supported in said shell (12) coaxially to said first bed (18) and at a predetermined distance from said first bed, said second catalytic bed (28) having a reaction mixture inlet side (30) and a reaction gaseous products outlet side (31); a plurality of heat exchangers (32) supported and distributed in a substantially ring-shaped respective portion of said second catalytic bed (28).

Abstract: Pseudo-isothermal chemical reactor (1) for catalytic reactions with a vertical axis, comprising a substantially cylindrical shell (2), Closed at the opposite ends by upper (4) and lower (3) bottoms respectively, a reaction zone (8) in which a catalytic bed (11) and a plurality of flat, boxed, plate-shaped heat exchangers (12), having the shape of a parallelepiped and having long sides parallel to said vertical axis and short sides perpendicular to it, situated in said reaction zone and supported in an arrangement on parallel cords at a predetermined distance.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an isothermal reactor (1) for carrying out exothermal or endothermal heterogeneous reactions comprising: —a substantially cylindrical outer shell (2) with longitudinal axis (X), —at least one catalytic bed (6) extending in the shell (2) and comprising opposite perforated side walls (7, 8) respectively for the inlet of a gaseous flow of reactants and for the outlet of a gaseous flow comprising reaction products, and —a heat exchange unit (12) immersed in said at least one catalytic bed (6) and crossed by a heat exchange fluid, characterised in that said heat exchange unit (12) comprises at least one succession of heat exchangers (13) arranged substantially parallel to each other and substantially parallel to the direction in which said at least one catalytic bed (6) is crossed by said gaseous flow of reactants.

Abstract: A plate-shaped heat exchanger (20, 120) for a heat exchange unit (40) of a chemical reactor (60), that advantageously presents a thermal insulation obtained in an unusually simple and reliable manner, has a substantially flattened box-like structure (22), with a substantially parallelepiped, rectangular configuration, defining an internal chamber (24), and comprises an inlet connection (28) and an outlet connection (29) of a heat exchange operating fluid into and from said chamber (24), and a distributor pipe (10, 110) of said operating fluid inside said chamber (24), extended in said structure (22) at a long side (22a) of it, said distributor pipe (10, 110) comprising a first tube (30, 130) and a second tube (32, 132), positioned one inside the other, between said tubes, respectively external tube (30) and internal tube (32, 132), an interspace (30a) being defined in fluid communication, on one side, with said chamber (24) through a plurality of openings (26) provided in the external tube (30, 130) of said d

Abstract: Pseudo-isothermal chemical reactor for heterogeneous chemical reactions comprising a substantially cylindrical shell closed at the opposite ends by respective bottoms, upper and lower, a reaction zone containing at least one catalytic bed and at least one tubular heat exchanger, intended to be crossed, along a predetermined direction, by an operating heat exchange fluid and embedded in said catalytic bed.

Abstract: Method for controlling the reaction temperature in a catalytic bed (24) of a reactor (1) in which a chemical reaction takes place in pseudo-isothermal conditions by means of at least one heat exchanger (12), crossed by a respective operating fluid, immersed in the catalytic bed (24).

Abstract: A chemical reactor for catalytic reactions, comprises a substantially cylindrical shell (2) closed at the opposite ends by respective covers (3 and 4), at least one reaction zone (7, 8) in which a respective catalytic bed (9, 10) and a plurality of heat exchangers (25) placed in said at least one reaction zone (7, 8) are supported.

Abstract: A method for controlling the pseudo-isothermicity of a chemical reaction in a respective reaction zone. (9) in which the use of heat exchangers (6) is foreseen having an operating heat exchange fluid flowing through them and in which heat exchange critical areas (9a) are identified, the method being distinguished by the fact that it reduces and controls, in the critical areas (9a) of the reaction zone, the value of the heat exchange coefficient between the operating fluid and the zone (9), through thermal insulation of the portions (6a, 6b) of such exchangers extending in such areas (9a).

Abstract: Plant for urea production from ammonia and carbon dioxide having a so-called high-pressure section which comprises a synthesis reactor and a condensation unit (7, 107) positioned inside the reactor, all substantially operating at the same pressure.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an isothermal reactor (1) comprising a pressure vessel (2) closed at the opposite ends by respective bottoms (3, 4), a reaction zone (9) in said pressure vessel (2) in which at least one catalytic basket (10) is positioned, and at least one heat exchange unit (13) embedded in said at least one catalytic basket (10), each heat exchange unit (13) comprising a plurality of heat exchangers (14) each having an inner chamber intended to be crossed by an operating heat exchange fluid, the reactor being characterised in that it comprises means (17, 18) for picking up samples of operating heat exchange fluid from groups (16) of pre-established exchangers in each heat exchange unit (13), so as to ascertain the possible existence of damaged exchangers (14) in said groups (16) of exchangers through analysis of respective samples of operating heat exchange fluid.

Abstract: A safe, reliable chemical reactor (1, 20) with a simple construction, easy to assemble and to disassemble comprises a casing (2), a male member (3) supported by the casing (2) and inserted with a certain clearance in a female member (4) associated to the casing (2), as well as a metallic foil (10) capable of being deformed fixedly connected to the male member (3) and protruding into said clearance (8), in order to hinder the fluid passage through the clearance.

Abstract: Described here is a system (8; 9; 50) of walls for catalytic beds of reactors (1) for the heterogeneous synthesis of chemical compounds characterised in that it comprises a wall (14) of predetermined thickness in direct contact with a catalytic bed (7) for containing it, said wall having a plurality of portions (17) permeable to gases and a plurality of portions (19; 54; 55) impermeable to gases, said portions (17) permeable to gases each being equipped with a plurality of slits (18; 52, 53; 60; 70) of a size such as to allow the free passage of the synthesis gases through them but not the passage of the catalyst

Abstract: A method for controlling the temperature of an exothermic reaction with simultaneous production of steam is based on the use of heat exchangers (5a) crossed by a recirculation liquid along an inner path extended between the inlet opening for the recirculation liquid and an outlet opening (5f), the recirculation liquid coming from a steam drum (10) for the separation of the produced steam and being fed to said inlet opening along a path external to the heat exchangers, the produced steam being integrated in the form of an additional liquid flow which is mixed at least in part with the recirculation liquid flowing along the external path.

Abstract: A method for the production of heat exchangers (10, 110, 210) of the so-called plate type, comprising the operative steps of: —juxtaposing a couple of substantially identical metal plates (12, 14), —fixing together said juxtaposed plates (12, 14) to one another by means of welding performed at respective perimetric sides (13a, 13b, 13c, 13d), —further fixing together said juxtaposed plates to each other by means of a plurality of welding tracts (22), arranged in at least two alignments, parallel and adjacent to a couple of opposite perimetric sides (13a, 13c) of the plates themselves (12, 14), and at a pre-established spaced relationship from said sides, —introducing a fluid under pressure between said juxtaposed metal plates (12, 14), to form a hollow, substantially box-shaped body (17), in which an internal chamber (16) and two substantially tubular passages (16a, 16b), formed between said couple of opposite perimetric sides (13a, 13c) and the respective adjacent alignments of the welding tracts (22), are d