Abstract: An aerogel includes a three-dimensional printed structure having printed ligaments geometrically arranged, where an average diameter of the printed ligaments is in a range of greater than 0 microns and less than 50 microns. In addition, an average distance between a center of a first of the printed ligaments and a center of a second of the printed ligaments is at least equal to the average diameter of the printed ligaments, where the first and the second of the printed ligaments are adjacent. Each printed ligament includes of a plurality of random pores, where an average diameter of the random pores is less than 50 nanometers.

Abstract: Disclosed here is a method for making a three-dimensional micro-architected aerogel, comprising: (a) curing a reaction mixture comprising a co-sol-gel material (e.g., graphene oxide (GO)) and at least one catalyst to obtain a crosslinked co-sol-gel (e.g., GO hydrogel); (b) providing a photoresin comprising a solvent, a photoinitiator, a crosslinkable polymer precursor, and a dispersion of the crosslinked co-sol-gel (e.g., GO hydrogel); (c) curing the photoresin using projection microstereolithography layer-by-layer to produce a wet gel having a pre-designed three-dimensional structure; (d) drying the wet gel to produce a dry gel; and (e) pyrolyzing the dry gel to produce a three-dimensional micro-architected aerogel (e.g., graphene aerogel). Also disclosed is a photoresin for projection microstereolithography, comprising a solvent, a photoinitiator, a crosslinkable polymer precursor, and a dispersion of a crosslinked co-sol-gel.

Abstract: According to one aspect of an inventive concept, an ink includes a base catalyst, a sol gel precursor composition, and a block copolymer. According to another aspect of an inventive concept, an aerogel includes a three-dimensional printed structure having printed ligaments geometrically arranged, where an average diameter of the printed ligaments is in a range of greater than 0 microns and less than 50 microns. In addition, an average distance between a center of a first of the printed ligaments and a center of a second of the printed ligaments is at least equal to the average diameter of the printed ligaments, where the first and the second of the printed ligaments are adjacent. Each printed ligament includes of a plurality of random pores, where an average diameter of the random pores is less than 50 nanometers.

Abstract: In accordance with one aspect of the presently disclosed inventive concepts, a product includes a porous three-dimensional (3D) printed polymer structure having elastomeric shape memory, where the structure includes a material comprising a plurality of gas-filled microballoons. The 3D printed polymer structure has hierarchical porosity.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a plurality of powder particles configured to be joined in an additive manufacturing process to form a part. Each one of the powder particles has a determined three dimensional, non-spherical shape. The plurality of powder particles are further of dimensions enabling fitting individual ones of the powder particles in abutting relationship with one another. At least a subplurality of the powder particles each have a functionalized surface feature to enhance at least one of clustering or separation of the subplurality of powder particles.

Abstract: Disclosed are flow-through electrode devices and techniques for making flow-through electrodes. In one aspect, a flow through electrode apparatus comprises one or more fiber layers. Each fiber layer comprises a plurality of fibers oriented to be orthogonal to a flow direction of a fluid. The plurality of fibers are configured to cause an inertial flow of the fluid around the plurality of fibers at a first flow rate of the fluid.

Abstract: The silicone-based ink for additive manufacturing includes a siloxane macromer, and a porogen mixture comprising a water-soluble porogen and a surfactant. The product of additive manufacturing with a silicone-based ink includes a three-dimensional printed structure including a plurality of continuous filaments arranged in a predefined pattern and a plurality of inter-filament pores defined by the predefined pattern of the continuous filaments. In addition, each continuous filament of the three-dimensional printed structure includes a silicone matrix having an open cell structure with a plurality of intra-filament pores, and the intra-filament pores form continuous channels through the silicone matrix.

Abstract: The silicone-based ink for additive manufacturing includes a siloxane macromer, and a porogen mixture comprising a water-soluble porogen and a surfactant. The product of additive manufacturing with a silicone-based ink includes a three-dimensional printed structure including a plurality of continuous filaments arranged in a predefined pattern and a plurality of inter-filament pores defined by the predefined pattern of the continuous filaments. In addition, each continuous filament of the three-dimensional printed structure includes a silicone matrix having an open cell structure with a plurality of intra-filament pores, and the intra-filament pores form continuous channels through the silicone matrix.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a plurality of powder particles configured to be joined in an additive manufacturing process to form a part. Each one of the powder particles has a determined three dimensional, non-spherical shape. The plurality of powder particles are further of dimensions enabling fitting individual ones of the powder particles in abutting relationship with one another. At least a subplurality of the powder particles each have a functionalized surface feature to enhance at least one of clustering or separation of the subplurality of powder particles.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes depositing a material on a substrate. The material includes: a plurality of particles configured to complete a self-propagating and/or self-sustaining reaction upon initiation thereof, a solvent system, and one or more stabilizing agents.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrochemical reactors with electrodes that have variable porosity across the electrode. The electrodes are designed and micro-architected to have variable porosity and 3D flow. In one aspect, an electrochemical cell apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes an electrochemical vessel and an electrochemical fluid contained in the electrochemical vessel. The apparatus further includes a porous electrode submerged in the electrochemical fluid in the electrochemical vessel, the porous electrode having different porosities in different areas of the porous electrode. The different porosities inhibit electrochemical fluid flow and increase electrical conductivity in first areas of the porous electrode with decreased porosity compared to second areas, and enable increased electrochemical fluid flow and decrease electrical conductivity in the second areas of the porous electrode with increased porosity compared to the first areas.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electrical energy storage apparatus. The apparatus has an interpenetrating, three dimensional periodic structure formed from an ionically conductive solid electrolyte material having a plurality of interpenetrating, non-planar channels. The interpenetrating, non-planar channels are made up of a first plurality of channels filled with an anode material, a second plurality of channels adjacent the first plurality of channels and interpenetrating with the first plurality of channels, and filled with a cathode material, and a third plurality of channels adjacent to, and interpenetrating with, one of the first and second pluralities of channels, and filled with a material to form a separator. The first, second and third channels form a spatially dense, three dimensional structure. A first non-flat current collector layer is incorporated which is in communication with the first plurality of channels, and which forms a first electrode.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes dispersing a plurality of particles in solution to form a dispersion and adding a stabilizing agent to the dispersion in an amount sufficient to cause the dispersion to exhibit one or more predetermined rheological properties. The particles in the dispersion are configured to complete a self-propagating and/or self-sustaining reaction upon initiation thereof. In another embodiment, a method includes depositing a material on a substrate. The material includes: a plurality of particles configured to complete a self-propagating and/or self-sustaining reaction upon initiation thereof, a solvent system, and one or more stabilizing agents.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes dispersing a plurality of particles in a solution to form a dispersion; and adding a stabilizing agent to the dispersion in an amount sufficient to cause the dispersion to exhibit one or more predetermined rheological properties, wherein the particles are characterized by a core-shell configuration, wherein the core-shell configuration includes a core formed from a first material and a shell formed from a second material, wherein the first material and the second material form a combustible composition and/or a reactive binary composition that is configured to complete a self-propagating reaction and/or a self-sustaining reaction upon initiation thereof. Corresponding materials, and methods of using such materials, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electrical energy storage apparatus which forms an interpenetrating, three dimensional structure. The structure may have a first non-planar channel filled with an anode material to form an anode, and a second non-planar channel adjacent the first non-planar channel filled with a cathode material to form a cathode. A third non-planar channel may be formed adjacent the first and second non-planar channels and filled with an electrolyte. The first, second and third channels are formed so as to be interpenetrating and form a spatially dense, three dimensional structure. A first current collector is in communication with the first non-planar channel and forms a first electrode, while a second current collector is in communication with the second non-planar channel and forms a second electrode. A separator layers separates the current collectors.

Abstract: System and method relates to an advanced manufactured vapor-fed electrochemical reactor (AM-VFR) system comprising a cathode gas compartment comprising a first inlet, and a first outlet, a catholyte compartment having a centrally located window for a cathode and a membrane, a second inlet, a second outlet, and a reference electrode, an anolyte compartment having a centrally located window for the membrane and an anode, a third inlet and a third outlet and an anode gas compartment having a fourth inlet and a fourth outlet, wherein the cathode, wherein the cathode is disposed between the cathode gas compartment and the catholyte compartment, wherein the membrane is disposed between the catholyte compartment and the anolyte compartment, wherein the anode is disposed between the anolyte compartment and the anode gas compartment, and wherein one or more of the cathode gas compartment, the catholyte compartment, the anolyte compartment and the anode gas compartment are made of a 3D printing plastic.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a system for using a feedstock to form a three dimensional, hierarchical, porous metal structure with deterministically controlled 3D multiscale porous architectures. The system may have a reservoir for holding the feedstock, the feedstock including a rheologically tuned alloy ink. A printing stage may be used for receiving the feedstock. A processor may be incorporated which has a memory, and which is configured to help carry out an additive manufacturing printing process to produce a three dimensional (3D) structure using the feedstock in a layer-by-layer fashion, on the printing stage. A nozzle may be included for applying the feedstock therethrough onto the printing stage.

Abstract: According to one exemplary embodiment, a method includes exposing one or more portions of an additive manufacturing resin to light; where the light includes a wavelength configured to cause a photo polymerizable compound in the additive manufacturing resin to polymerize; and the one or more portions of the additive manufacturing resin are defined by a three-dimensional pattern. Moreover, a method of forming an additive manufacturing resin suitable for fabricating a click-chemistry compatible composition of matter includes: reacting a compound comprising a terminal alkyne group or a terminal azide group with a protecting reagent to form a protected reactive diluent precursor, reacting the precursor with a second compound to form a protected reactive diluent; and mixing the protected reactive diluent with a photo polymerizable compound.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for forming a three dimensional, hierarchical, porous metal structure with deterministically controlled 3D multiscale pore architectures. The method may involve providing a feedstock able to be applied in an additive manufacturing process, and using an additive manufacturing process to produce a three dimensional (3D) structure using the feedstock. The method may involve further processing the 3D structure through at least a de-alloying operation to form a metallic 3D structure having an engineered, digitally controlled macropore morphology with integrated nanoporosity.

Abstract: An engineered unit cell is disclosed for flowing a fluid therethrough in three dimensions. The unit cell may have a substrate with a plurality of flow channels around and between struts formed within the substrate. The struts may each be formed with a desired shape and orientation within the substrate to achieve a desired degree of fluid flow through the flow channels, in each of one of three dimensions, through the unit cell.