Abstract: A method of controlling a battery including a first control circuit and a plurality of modules arranged between first and second terminals. Each module comprises electric cells. The battery further includes a sensor of the current flowing through the first terminal. The method includes the successive steps of: updating a first counter representative of the quantity of charges flowing through the first terminal; for each electric cell, for each connection of the electric cell to the other electric cells, storing into first data the value of the first counter on connection of the electric cell and for each disconnection of the electric cell from the other electric cells, storing a second counter equal to the difference between the value of the first counter on disconnection of the electric cell and the first data of said electric cell.

Abstract: A method of controlling a battery including a first control circuit and a plurality of modules arranged in series between first and second terminals. Each module includes, between third and fourth terminals, electric cells and switches and a second switch control circuit. The battery further includes at least one first data transmission bus coupling the first control circuit to each second control circuit, the first control circuit including a memory having chained lists stored therein. Each chained list includes elements each including an identifier of one of the electric cells and at least one first pointer designating another element in the chained list.

Abstract: A battery including a first control circuit and a plurality of modules arranged in series between first and second terminals, each module including electric cells and switches coupling the cells to third and fourth terminals and a second switch control circuit. The battery includes a first data transmission bus coupling the first control circuit to each second control circuit and a second data transmission bus coupling the first control circuit to each second control circuit. The first control circuit is capable of transmitting first data to the second control circuits over the first bus at a first rate and is capable of transmitting second data to the second control circuits over the second bus at a second rate smaller than the first rate.

Abstract: A method of controlling a battery including a first control circuit and a plurality of modules arranged in series between first and second terminals, each module including electric cells and switches coupling the cells and a second switch control circuit, the battery further including at least one first data transmission bus coupling the first control circuit to each second control circuit. The first control circuit includes a memory having, for each electric cell, an identifier of the electric cells and a priority level for the connection of the electric cell among priority levels stored therein.

Abstract: A battery including: a power supply bus; an assembly of electric cells and of first switches coupling the cells; second switches forming an H bridge and coupling said assembly to nodes; a first circuit for supplying first control signals to the first and second switches; a second circuit for delivering a first power supply voltage to the first circuit based on the voltage across one of the cells; a third circuit for supplying second control signals to at least two of the second switches and connected to the power supply bus; and first diodes coupling the first circuit to the two second switches and second diodes coupling the third circuit to the two second switches.

Abstract: A method of controlling a battery including a first control circuit and a plurality of modules arranged in series between first and second terminals, each module including electric cells and switches and a second switch control circuit, the battery further including at least one first data transmission bus coupling the first control circuit to each second control circuit, the method including the transmission, by the first control circuit to the second control circuits, of first data representative of an electric cell configuration to be obtained to follow a set point for the delivery of a voltage and/or of a current between the first and second terminals, the second control circuits connecting or disconnecting the electric cells based on said first data and on a classification of the priorities of the electric cells.

Abstract: A battery equalization system has two accumulator stages in series, each including an accumulator, and ±poles, a voltage generator for each accumulator stage, and an associated charging device powered by the generator. The charging device includes an inductor and capacitors. One capacitor connects to the generator's positive pole, the other connects to its negative pole, a first diode, whose anode connects to a negative pole of the accumulator stage and whose cathode connects to the first capacitor, a second diode whose anode connects to the negative pole of the accumulator stage and whose cathode connects to the second end of the second capacitor, and a switch connected to the inductor and to the positive pole of the accumulator stage, and a control device that controls the generator, closes the switch and causes the inductor to stores energy and to transfer it to the associated accumulator stage.

Abstract: A security system for a battery module includes at least one battery module having positive and negative poles and defined by a matrix comprising two or more columns and two or more lines. The matrix is such that each column defines an accumulator branch having m accumulators in series and such that each line of the matrix defines an accumulator stage. At least one charge control device is connected to the poles of the battery module. The battery module includes a plurality of resistors respectively electrically linked to the intermediate point between two accumulators of two adjacent accumulator stages and a third predefined number of connection nodes respectively connected to a set of resistors connected to the intermediate points of the accumulators of the two adjacent accumulator stages. The charge control device is connected to the set of connection nodes.

Abstract: A battery for powering an electrical motor drive of a motor vehicle includes electrochemical accumulators included in an adiabatic enclosure and included in a tightly-sealed enclosure. The tightly-sealed enclosure is air-tight and water-tight, contains the adiabatic enclosure, and has a volume that is external to the adiabatic enclosure and benefits from thermal exchanges with an exterior thereof. The battery also includes a valve that selectively sets up a flow of a heat-transfer fluid between the adiabatic enclosure and the volume.

Abstract: An equalization system for batteries has two series-connected accumulator stages connected, each including an accumulator, a voltage generator including positive and negative poles, for each stage, an associated charging device supplied by the voltage generator. The charging device includes an inductor having a first and second ends, and a capacitor having first and second ends. The capacitor's first end connects to the generator's positive pole. It also has a diode whose anode connects to a negative pole of the accumulator stage and whose cathode connects to the inductor's first end. It also has a switch whose first end connects to the inductor. And it also has a control device that controls the generator and closes a switch of a charging device associated with an accumulator stage to be charged so that the inductor stores energy, and causes its transfer to that accumulator stage.

Abstract: The method for estimating a final state of energy SOEf of an electrochemical accumulator is carried out from a set of quadruplets of values relating to operating points of the electrochemical accumulator including power (P), temperature (T), state of energy (SOE) and remaining energy (En). Said method implementing at least one interpolation step.

Abstract: Method for determining the state of energy of an electrochemical accumulator, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: using a predetermined set of quadruplets of values relating to operating points of the electrochemical accumulator, reading (E101) a first state of energy SOE1 from a memory, measuring (E102) a temperature (T1), and a power (P1), representing the current operation of the accumulator, determining (E103), on the basis of the predetermined set of quadruplets, a slope of the remaining energy En in the accumulator as a function of the state of energy SOE of the accumulator, at a point representing the first state of energy SOE1, as a function of the measured temperature and measured power (T1, P1), determining (E104) a second state of energy SOE2 as a function of the determined slope, notably ? En ? SOE ? ? or ? ? ? SOE ? En , of the first state of energy SOE1, and an energy quantity (P·dt).

Abstract: A battery for powering an electrical motor drive of a motor vehicle includes electrochemical accumulators included in an adiabatic enclosure and included in a tightly-sealed enclosure. The tightly-sealed enclosure is air-tight and water-tight, contains the adiabatic enclosure, and has a volume that is external to the adiabatic enclosure and benefits from thermal exchanges with an exterior thereof. The battery also includes a valve that selectively sets up a flow of a heat-transfer fluid between the adiabatic enclosure and the volume.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for protecting a set of electrochemical cells incorporated into a fuel cell stack from corrosion during an operation for shutting down the fuel cell stack, which method comprises steps of: measuring the voltage across the terminals of each of the cells to be protected; when the voltage measured for a cell is above a protection threshold, discharging this cell into an electrical load; when the voltage measured for a cell is below said protection threshold, disconnecting this cell from the electrical load.

Abstract: A battery equalization system has two accumulator stages in series, each including an accumulator, and ±poles, a voltage generator for each accumulator stage, and an associated charging device powered by the generator. The charging device includes an inductor and capacitors. One capacitor connects to the generator's positive pole, the other connects to its negative pole, a first diode, whose anode connects to a negative pole of the accumulator stage and whose cathode connects to the first capacitor, a second diode whose anode connects to the negative pole of the accumulator stage and whose cathode connects to the second end of the second capacitor, and a switch connected to the inductor and to the positive pole of the accumulator stage, and a control device that controls the generator, closes the switch and causes the inductor to stores energy and to transfer it to the associated accumulator stage.

Abstract: An equalization system for batteries has two series-connected accumulator stages connected, each including an accumulator, a voltage generator including positive and negative poles, for each stage, an associated charging device supplied by the voltage generator. The charging device includes an inductor having a first and second ends, and a capacitor having first and second ends. The capacitor's first end connects to the generator's positive pole. It also has a diode whose anode connects to a negative pole of the accumulator stage and whose cathode connects to the inductor's first end. It also has a switch whose first end connects to the inductor. And it also has a control device that controls the generator and closes a switch of a charging device associated with an accumulator stage to be charged so that the inductor stores energy, and causes its transfer to that accumulator stage.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a charge equalizing system for batteries has two accumulator stages in series. Each stage has a charging device having an inductance for storing energy, and first and second diodes. The first diode's anode links to a negative pole of the accumulator stage. Its cathode links to the inductance's first end. The second diode's cathode links to a positive pole of the accumulator stage; its anode links to the inductance's second end. A first controlled switch links to a battery's negative pole and to the second diode's anode. A second controlled switch links to the battery's positive pole and to the first diode's cathode. A control device controls the charging devices. The control device closes the switches of a charging device associated with the accumulator stage to be charged so that the inductance stores energy, and opens the switches to transfer the energy to the associated accumulator stage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for protecting a set of electrochemical cells (C1, C2, C3) incorporated into a fuel cell stack from corrosion during an operation for shutting down the fuel cell stack, which method comprises steps of: measuring the voltage across the terminals of each of the cells to be protected; when the voltage measured for a cell is above a protection threshold, discharging (50) this cell into an electrical load (R1, R2, R3); when the voltage measured for a cell is below said protection threshold, disconnecting this cell from the electrical load.

Abstract: An oil-in-water emulsion useful as a defoamer for pulp and paper mill applications is described. The defoamer has an oil blend (of a triglyceride oil or a mixture of triglyceride oils and silicone), a stabilizing agent (to make the oil blend stable in the emulsion), hydrophobic silica particles, surfactants, dispersants, and other components. The emulsion is usable directly at low concentrations to control foam.

Abstract: A defoamer made from a composition that has at least one triglyceride oil or triglyceride oil mixture, at least one silicone, at least one silicone-triglyceride stabilizing agent, hydrophobic silica particles, optionally one or more surfactants and/or dispersants, and optionally one or more thickeners, and optionally one or more biocides. The defoamers described herein have utility in controlling foam in industrial applications. Typically, the defoamer can be used to control foam in pulp and paper applications.