Abstract: Oxide compositions comprising a modified structure which includes the formula ABOz. The A component may comprise at a cation of least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, and Zn, and the B component may comprise a cation of at least one element selected from the group consisting of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni. Batteries and supercapacitors comprising the oxide compositions of the present disclosure and methods of making the oxide compositions of the present disclosure are also provided.

Abstract: Oxide compositions comprising a modified structure which includes the formula ABOz. The A component may comprise at a cation of least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, and Zn, and the B component may comprise a cation of at least one element selected from the group consisting of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni. Batteries and supercapacitors comprising the oxide compositions of the present disclosure and methods of making the oxide compositions of the present disclosure are also provided.

Abstract: Oxide compositions comprising a modified structure which includes the formula ABOz. The A component may comprise at a cation of least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, and Zn, and the B component may comprise a cation of at least one element selected from the group consisting of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni. Batteries and supercapacitors comprising the oxide compositions of the present disclosure and methods of making the oxide compositions of the present disclosure are also provided.

Abstract: Oxide compositions comprising a modified structure which includes the formula ABOz. The A component may comprise at a cation of least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, and Zn, and the B component may comprise a cation of at least one element selected from the group consisting of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni. Batteries and supercapacitors comprising the oxide compositions of the present disclosure and methods of making the oxide compositions of the present disclosure are also provided.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward electrocatalyst compositions of platinum, titanium and at least a third metal for use in fuel cells. The electrocatalyst composition is composed essentially of platinum present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 50 percent and about 85 percent, titanium present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 5 percent and about 30 percent, and at least a third metal present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 1 percent and about 30 percent. The third metal can be at least one member selected from the group consisting of cobalt, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium and gold.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward electrocatalyst compositions of platinum, titanium and at least a third metal for use in fuel cells. The electrocatalyst composition is composed essentially of platinum present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 55 percent and about 95 percent, titanium present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 1 percent and about 30 percent, and at least a third metal present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 1 percent and about 30 percent. The third metal can be at least one member selected from the group consisting of copper, manganese and iron.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward electrocatalyst compositions of platinum, titanium and at least a third metal for use in fuel cells. The electrocatalyst composition is composed essentially of platinum present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 55 percent and about 85 percent, titanium present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 1 percent and about 30 percent, and at least a third metal present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 1 percent and about 30 percent. The third metal can be at least one member selected from the group consisting of nickel, vanadium and molybdenum.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward electrocatalyst compositions of platinum, titanium, a third, fourth and possibly fifth metal for use in fuel cells. The electrocatalyst composition is composed essentially of platinum present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 30 percent and about 85 percent, titanium present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 5 percent and about 30 percent, a third metal present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 1 percent and about 30 percent, a fourth metal present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 1 percent and about 30 percent, and a possible fifth metal present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 1 percent and about 30 percent. The third metal can be at least one member selected from the group consisting of nickel, vanadium, molybdenum, copper, manganese, iron, cobalt, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium and gold.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward electrocatalyst compositions of alloys of platinum, tungsten and one of either of nickel or zirconium for use in fuel cells. The alloys consists essentially of platinum present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 20 percent and about 45 percent, tungsten present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 30 percent and about 70 percent, and one of either nickel present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 5 percent and about 25 percent, or zirconium present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 5 percent and about 40 percent.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward electrocatalyst compositions of platinum, tungsten and at least a third metal for use in fuel cells. The electrocatalyst composition is composed essentially of platinum present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 20 percent and about 55 percent, tungsten present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 30 percent and about 75 percent, and at least a third metal present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 1 percent and about 40 percent. The third metal can be at least one member selected from the group consisting of scandium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, yttrium, niobium, molybdenum, cadmium, tin, hafnium, tantalum and rhenium; additional fourth and fifth metals can also be present.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward electrocatalyst composition of an alloy of platinum and tungsten for use in fuel cells. The alloy consists essentially of platinum metal present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 20 percent and about 50 percent, and tungsten metal present in an atomic percentage ranging between about 50 percent and about 80 percent.

Abstract: An infinitely variable physical vapor deposition matrix system that allows the synthesis of multiple combinatorial catalyst samples at essentially the same time, by the co-deposition of multiple materials, or the sequential layer by layer deposition of multiple catalyst constituents, or both, such that the optimum mix of materials for a pre-determined application can be experimentally determined in subsequent testing. The discovery of optimal catalyst combinations for utilization in specified reactions and devices is facilitated. The high throughput system reduces the time and complexity of processing typically required to formulate and test combinatorial catalyst materials.

Abstract: A holder for maintaining substrates in an array during a high throughput materials deposition comprising a face plate, middle plate and retainer plate attached in sequence and aligned in an axis in which a plurality of cylindrical substrates are maintained in cylindrical chambers formed in an array with respect to the face surface of the block assembly. A spring loading mechanism positions the substrates within the chambers during the processing of the substrates, the substrates are removable from the holder after the completion of processing.