Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for the three-dimensional (3D) printing of 3D objects. Methods and systems provided herein may comprise 3D holographic lithography which may enable the 3D printing of various shapes. Methods and systems provided herein may enable high efficiency 3D holographic printing and may avoid, for example, problems zero-order defects. Methods and systems provided herein comprise methods for printing 3D objects with reduced or minimal inconsistency.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for optically-induced auto-encapsulation. A method of the present disclosure comprises providing a media chamber comprising a medium comprising (i) a three-dimensional (3D) object comprising a photo-emitter, (ii) at least one polymeric precursor, and (iii) a photoinitiator, and subjecting the medium in the media chamber to a stimulus (e.g., an energy beam or a chemical stimulus) to induce photo-emission from the photo-emitter to trigger the formation of a polymer matrix from the at least one polymeric precursor, which polymer matrix at least partially encapsulates the 3D object.