Abstract: A heat pipe having a working chamber having an evaporator region operatively connected to a heat source, and a condenser region operatively connected to a heat sink. A working fluid is provided in the working chamber, and heat is transferred from the heat source to the heat sink by the working fluid in a first state of operation. The heat pipe is a switchable and/or programmable thermal diode or a switchable and/or programmable heat switch, at least one activatable functional material is provided, which is arranged and configured to keep the evaporator region free of the working fluid and/or to prevent the working fluid from evaporating in a second state of operation, in order to reduce and/or hinder heat transfer and/or to alter the preferential direction of heat conduction. A system and method for switching and/or programming heat transfer in a heat pipe are also provided.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to improve the primary detergent power of detergents and cleaning products, in particular with respect to soiling containing oil and/or grease. For this purpose, copolymers including ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid-derived sulfobetaine units and hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylic acid esters are incorporated into the products.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to improve the method for washing textiles by improving the primary detergent power of detergents and cleaning products, in particular with respect to soiling containing oil and/or grease. For this purpose, polymers having N,N-diallylamine-derived sulfobetaine units are incorporated into the products.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to improve the primary detergent power of detergents and cleaning products, in particular with respect to soiling containing oil and/or grease. For this purpose, polymers comprising N-vinyl imidazole-derived betaine units are incorporated into the products.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to improve the primary detergency of detergents and cleaning agents, in particular with respect to soils containing oil and/or grease. This is substantially achieved by the incorporation of polymers which can be obtained by the copolymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone with ethylenically unsaturated compounds that have an amide function, said polymers having an aggregation parameter Xag, where Xag>1 mN/m.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to improve the primary detergent power of detergents and cleaning products, in particular with respect to soiling containing oil and/or grease. For this purpose, copolymers including ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid-derived sulfobetaine units and hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylic acid esters are incorporated into the products.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to improve the primary detergent power of detergents and cleaning products, in particular with respect to soiling containing oil and/or grease. For this purpose, polymers comprising N-vinyl imidazole-derived betaine units are incorporated into the products.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to improve the primary detergent power of detergents and cleaning products, in particular with respect to soiling containing oil and/or grease. For this purpose, polymers comprising N,N-diallylamine-derived sulfobetaine units are incorporated into the products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a responsive hydrogel which is chemically crosslinked, has a porous photonic crystal structure and contains biomolecule-specific detection groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a culture substrate having thermoresponsive microgel particles that have a thermoresponsive polymer and modulator particles fixed to the carrier area of the substrate. The modulator can be a substance that has an adhesion capability with biological cells or a substance that causes cellular reactions that are inducible to binding to surface receptors of biological cells. Methods for preparation and use in culturing cells are given.

Abstract: The primary washing power of washing and cleaning agents was to be improved, in particular with respect to oil- and/or fat-containing stains. This was achieved substantially by the incorporation of polymers having an aggregation parameter Xag where Xag>1 mN/m.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to improve the primary detergency of detergents and cleaning agents, in particular with respect to soils containing oil and/or grease. This is substantially achieved by the incorporation of polymers which can be obtained by the copolymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone with ethylenically unsaturated compounds that have an amide function, said polymers having an aggregation parameter Xag, where Xag>1 mN/m.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to improve the primary detergency of detergents and cleaning agents, in particular with respect to soils containing oil and/or grease. This is substantially achieved by the incorporation of branched polymers having an aggregation parameter Xag, where Xag>1 mN/m.

Abstract: The primary washing power of washing and cleaning agents was to be improved, in particular with respect to oil- and/or fat-containing stains. This was achieved substantially by the incorporation of polymers that derive from N,N-dimethylacrylamide.

Abstract: The primary washing power of washing and cleaning agents was to be improved, in particular with respect to oil- and/or fat-containing stains. This was achieved substantially by the incorporation of polymers that derive from N,N-dimethylacrylamide.

Abstract: The primary washing power of washing and cleaning agents was to be improved, in particular with respect to oil- and/or fat-containing stains. This was achieved substantially by the incorporation of polymers having an aggregation parameter Xag where Xag>1 mN/m.

Abstract: A substrate (10), in particular for receiving biological cells (21) comprises a substrate body (1) which has a support area (2) on which there are fixed thermoreactive microgels (3) which comprise particles containing a thermoreactive polymer. Also described are a process for the preparation of the substrate (10) and a method for culturing biological cells (21) on the substrate (10).

Abstract: The object with the funtionalized hydrogel surface for detection of analyte molecules is obtainable by a process including (1) providing a hydrogel layer on a base surface; (2) bonding organic molecules to the hydrogel layer, each including a chain of atoms with a chain length of at least 8 atoms and a terminal group, which is an amine group, a carboxylic acid group, or a derivative thereof, and (3) reacting the terminal group with a receptor molecule that contains at least three groups, each of which is an amine group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphonic acid group, or a derivative thereof. The receptor molecule can be a protein and the hydrogel can include a water-swellable organic polymer. A method of detecting analyte molecules, for example by surface resonance spectroscopy, is also part of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biosensor (affinity sensor) in which a hydrogel, a surfactant layer or biotin are bonded to the biosensor's precious metal surface by means of a short-chained linker, as well as to the process for the preparation thereof. A complete covering of the biosensor surface with the hydrogel, the surfactant layer or the biotin is achieved by hydrogen bonds, aromatic-aromatic interactions or by covalent bonds.

Abstract: The invention relates to products comprising a solid surface, a multilayer system of at least two covalently interconnected layers of a polymeric material covalently attached to said surface, and a biofunctional layer covalently attached to said multilayer system. The biofunctional layer may comprise a bioactive ingredient to make the product useful for numerous applications, such as biosensors, implants, sample containers, affinity sensor arrays and affinity chromatography media.