Abstract: The invention refers to coatings on different substrates, whereby a hydrophilic polymer layer is bound by means of a polymer adhesion promoter layer to a substrate. A method for the production of these layer systems is disclosed as well. The layers according to the invention can be used as immobilization matrix and for the suppression of non-specific protein adsorption in biosensors, MALDI targets and other bioanalytical devices. Furthermore they can be used for the bio-compatibilization of implants and for the coating of contact lenses. Optical elements, which are provided with such coatings, do not fog up any more. Beyond that the layers are dirt-deflecting and/or self-cleaning.

Abstract: The invention concerns sterically shielded, stabilized fluorescent dyes based on symmetrical or unsymmetrical 3-spirocyanines and their utilization as marker-molecules in analytical procedures. The fluorescent dyes according to the invention are characterized by a strongly reduced proneness towards aggregation due to the insertion of bulky spiro-substituents and thus enable to reach a high degree of coupling to the target molecule without a significant loss of fluorescence due to self quenching effects. They therefor exhibit a high quantum yield and are thus excellently suitable as fluorescent dyes, especially as NIR-fluorescent dyes, for the coupling or binding to biological and non-biological target molecules used in analytical methods. The analytical methods comprise all methods in which fluorescence-optical methods are used to detect biological and non-biological molecules.

Abstract: Device for the measurement of thickness changes as well as changes of the physicochemical characteristics of thin layers. The system consists of a preferably monochromatic source of light, a scanning mirror, a preferably on one side metallized prism and a photodetector array. The thin layer is irradiated with light at different angles through the prism by means of the scanning mirror. The reflected image of the layer shows with certain incidence angles when choosing a suitable wavelength, polarization and if needed the metal and the film thickness, resonance-caused intensity fluctuations, by which the layer thickness and refractive index can be calculated.

Abstract: Summary The invention refers to coatings on different substrates, whereby a hydrophilic polymer layer is bound by means of a polymer adhesion promotor layer to a substrate. A method for the production of these layer systems is disclosed as well. The layers according to the invention can be used as immobilization matrix and for the suppression of non-specific protein adsorption in biosensors, MALDI targets and other bioanalytical devices. Furthermore they can be used for the bio-compatibilization of implants and for the coating of contact lenses. Optical elements, which are provided with such coatings, do not fog up any more. Beyond that the layers are dirt-deflecting and/or self-cleaning.

Abstract: Device for the measurement of thickness changes as well as changes of the physicochemical characteristics of thin layers. The system consists of a preferably monochromatic source of light, a scanning mirror, a preferably on one side metallized prism and a photodetector array. The thin layer is irradiated with light at different angles through the prism by means of the scanning mirror. The reflected image of the layer shows with certain incidence angles when choosing a suitable wavelength, polarization and if needed the metal and the film thickness, resonance-caused intensity fluctuations, by which the layer thickness and refractive index can be calculated.

Abstract: The invention concerns sterically shielded, stabilized fluorescent dyes based on symmetrical or unsymmetrical 3-spirocyanines and their utilization as marker-molecules in analytical procedures. The fluorescent dyes according to the invention are characterized by a strongly reduced proneness towards aggregation due to the insertion of bulky spiro-substituents and thus enable to reach a high degree of coupling to the target molecule without a significant loss of fluorescence due to self quenching effects. They therefor exhibit a high quantum yield and are thus excellently suitable as fluorescent dyes, especially as NIR-fluorescent dyes, for the coupling or binding to biological and non-biological target molecules used in analytical methods. The analytical methods comprise all methods in which fluorescence-optical methods are used to detect biological and non-biological molecules.

Abstract: The invention relates to sensor membranes for determining oxygen concentrations and to a process for the preparation thereof, in which, in a polymer matrix which is permeable to oxygen, an indicator is present whose optical and physicochemical properties can be influenced by the respective analytes. Starting from the disadvantages of known sensor membranes, it is the object of the invention to provide a sensor membrane which is thermally and also dimensionally stable, and can be prepared simply and flexibly. This object is achieved according to the invention in that the polymer matrix which contains the optical oxygen indicator is formed from a polymer containing sulfur, preferably in the main chain, particularly preferably containing sulfide and/or sulfone functionalities in the main chain.