Abstract: A method for formation of slugs in a gun barrel and acceleration of these slugs up to the speed of 3 km/sec and more is suggested. A selected region of the barrel is filled by water or another liquid, mixture of liquids or slurry. The refrigerating media is supplied into a heat exchanger cooling the selected section of the barrel. The freezing conditions (rate of the heat removal, duration of cooling) assure desired cohesion of the slug and its adhesion to the barrel. When freezing is completed, the axial pressure is exerted on the internal edge of the slug. When the pressure exceeds the adhesion forces, the slug will move toward the open end with acceleration determined by the axial forces. If the exerted pressure force is not sufficient for the slug separation the expansion radial forces are applied to the barrel or the interface between the slug and the barrel is heated. After the separation the compressed media drives the slug toward the open end of the barrel.

Abstract: A method for formation of slugs in a gun barrel and acceleration of these slugs up to the speed of 3 km/sec and more is suggested. A selected region of the barrel is filled by water or another liquid, mixture of liquids or slurry. The refrigerating media is supplied into a heat exchanger cooling the selected section of the barrel. The freezing conditions (rate of the heat removal, duration of cooling) assure desired cohesion of the slug and its adhesion to the barrel. When freezing is completed, the axial pressure is exerted on the internal edge of the slug. When the pressure exceeds the adhesion forces, the slug will move toward the open end with acceleration determined by the axial forces. If the exerted pressure force is not sufficient for the slug separation the expansion radial forces are applied to the barrel or the interface between the slug and the barrel is heated. After the separation the compressed media drives the slug toward the open end of the barrel.

Abstract: The device for benign, non-surgical external shaping of corneal tissue to compensate, by refractive correction, for deviations from normal focussing. The jet is directed to erode corneal tissue to provide an increase in curvature to correct for far-sightedness i.e., to refocus a perceived image from beyond retina onto the surface of the retina.

Abstract: A method and device for benign, non-surgical external shaping of corneal tissue to compensate, by refractive correction, for deviations from normal focussing. Corneal tissue is externally gently removed by erosion to a maximum 30% depth, within several seconds, by an imperceptibly felt, highly controlled and limited area, isotonic water jet, exerting a total force of at most several ounces. The jet is directed to erode corneal tissue to provide an increase in curvature to correct for far-sightedness i.e., to refocus a perceived image from beyond retina onto the surface of the retina. To correct for near-sightedness and to refocus a perceived image from in front of the retina onto the surface of the retina, the jet is directed to flatten out by eroding, a central portion of corneal tissue, to decrease curvature. The jet is either applied by a nozzle or array of nozzles. The jet is applied and directed, in a computer controlled, raster or similar type movement, until the desired diopter change is effected.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for heating, melting, waste disposal and production of gaseous fuel include supplying air, coal, steam and waste into a melt. The melt contains elements readily oxidized by air and producing oxides which are readily reduced by carbon. The overall results of the reaction of the elements oxidation and reduction consist in the production of CO containing gas and evolving heat. The heat evolved is extracted from the melt by submergence of solid to be heated into the melt, by injection of heated gases into the molten slag, by heat exchange between the wall confining the melt and gas, liquid or solid to be heated, or by conversion of steam into H.sub.2 and CO.

Abstract: A method of heating gases for combustion, operating turbines, and heating of a material and the like comprises the steps of providing a melt deposited in a vessel including two vessel elements and selected from the group consisting of a metal, a slag which is a mixture of metal oxides and nonmetal oxides, and a metal and a slag, supplying coal, air, fluxes and hot flue gases into the melt, passing the flue gases leaving the melt through a gas heater, passing a gas to be heated through one of the vessel elements, circulating the melt between the vessel elements, and supplying the gas which has been heated during passing through the one vessel element, to a gas consumer.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for heating, melting and production of gaseous fuel include supplying air, coal, steam into a melt. The melt contains elements readily oxidized by air. These elements produce oxides readily reduced by carbon. The overall results of the reactions of elements oxidation and reduction consist in the production of CO containing gas and evolving heat. The heat evolved is extracted from the melt by submergence of solid to be heated into the melt, by injection of heated gases into molten slag, by heat exchange between the wall confining the melt and gas, liquid or solid to be heated, or by conversion of steam into H.sub.2 and CO.

Abstract: Iron or steel products are produced from oxide ores in a unique process which utilizes air and regular coal as its primary energy source and wherein the ore is melted in a carbon dioxide zone for separation and absorption of the iron oxides into a slag which is transferred to a carbon-monoxide generating zone. In the latter zone the iron oxides are reduced to form the iron or steel product. Carbon monoxide containing flue gas from the latter zone is burned with air and utilized as a heat source in the carbon dioxide zone. Slag from the various unit processes is collected and used to preheat process air by either continuous operation or in a semi-continuous regeneration process. In both modes of slag preheating, flue gas is utilized to maintain the temperature of the slag bath and high temperature air preheating prior to the slag bath.

Abstract: Iron or steel products are produced from oxide ores in a unique process which utilizes air and regular coal as its primary energy source and wherein the ore is melted in a carbon dioxide zone for separation and absorption of the iron oxides into a slag which is transferred to a carbon-monoxide generating zone. In the latter zone the iron oxides are reduced to form the iron or steel product. Carbon monoxide containing flue gas from the latter zone is burned with air and utilized as a heat source in the carbon dioxide zone. Slag from the various unit processes is collected and used to preheat process air by either continuous operation or in a semi-continuous regeneration process. In both modes of slag preheating, flue gas is utilized to maintain the temperature of the slag bath and high temperature air preheating prior to the slag bath.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for heating, melting and production of gaseous fuel include supplying air, coal, steam into a melt. The melt contains elements readily oxidized by air. These elements produce oxides readily reduced by carbon. The overall results of the reactions of elements oxidation and reduction consist in the production of CO containing gas and evolving heat. The heat evolved is extracted from the melt by submergence of solid to be heated into the melt, by injection of heated gases into molten slag, by heat exchange between the wall confining the melt and gas, liquid or solid to be heated, or by conversion of steam into H.sub.2 and CO.