Abstract: Organic compounds are prepared by heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas-phase oxidation of precursor compounds by a process in which a portion of the reaction gas starting mixture is brought from a low initial pressure to a higher final pressure by means of a radial compressor.

Abstract: Organic compounds are prepared by heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas-phase oxidation of precursor compounds by a process in which a portion of the reaction gas starting mixture is brought from a low initial pressure to a higher final pressure by means of a radial compressor.

Abstract: In a process for the recovery of N-ethylpiperazine by distillation from mixtures with N,N'-diethylpiperazine, piperazine, ethanol, water and accompanying substances, water is added in a manner such that, at the location of the addition of the water, the piperazine concentration is greater than the N-ethylpiperazine concentration. The water may be added to the reflux to the top of the column.

Abstract: A method for finishing surfaces of workpieces includes a honing process with at least two method steps. In one of the method steps the surface, for example, the inner wall of a bore, is honed to a predetermined final dimension whereby a very fine structure with minimal depth of honing traces is generated so that a great portion of the surface functions as the supporting surface. In a further method step, which can be performed before or after the finishing-honing step, crossed grooves are provided in the surface by subjecting the surface to a stream of a medium, especially a laser, whereby the pattern of the grooves provides a lubricant reservoir for the future use of the workpiece. The treatment with a stream of a medium does not cause deformations at the edges of the grooves. This ensures an optimal distribution of the lubricant.

Abstract: A process for purifying indigo comprises stripping the as-synthesized aqueous alkaline indoxylate solution before its oxidation to indigo of impurities in the absence of oxygen by distillation or by passing in steam or an inert gas and then treating the indigo precipitated on oxidation of the stripped indoxylate solution with dilute hydrogen peroxide solution.

Abstract: An injection valve for fuel injection systems in internal combustion engines which comprises a movable valve element cooperating with a valve seat disposed in a nozzle body, with a guide bore provided downstream of the valve seat. A swirl insert is partially compressed in the guide bore and disposes open swirl channels in the direction of its circumference. The swirl channels extend in an axial direction from one end of the swirl insert to the other, are slanted toward the longitudinal shaft of the injection valve and discharge in a tangential direction into a preparation bore. The swirl channels serve simultaneously as metering channels whose throttling length is adjustable by displacing the swirl insert inside the guide bore.

Abstract: An injection valve for fuel injection systems in internal combustion engines which comprises a movable valve element cooperating with a valve seat disposed in a nozzle body, with a guide bore provided downstream of the valve seat. A swirl insert is partially compressed in the guide bore and disposes open swirl channels in the direction of its circumference. The swirl channels extend in an axial direction from one end of the swirl insert to the other, are slanted toward the longitudinal shaft of the injection valve and discharge in a tangential direction into a preparation bore. The swirl channels serve simultaneously as metering channels whose throttling length is adjustable by displacing the swirl insert inside the guide bore.

Abstract: An injection valve for fuel injection systems in internal combustion engines which comprises a movable valve element cooperating with a valve seat disposed in a nozzle body, with a guide bore provided downstream of the valve seat. A swirl insert is partially compressed in the guide bore and disposes open swirl channels in the direction of its circumference. The swirl channels extend in an axial direction from one end of the swirl insert to the other, are slanted toward the longitudinal shaft of the injection valve and discharge in a tangential direction into a preparation bore. The swirl channels serve simultaneously as metering channels whose throttling length is adjustable by displacing the swirl insert inside the guide bore.

Abstract: The high-voltage direct-voltage source is composed of a bank of high-voltage capacitors and a charging circuit for charging the capacitors. A monitoring unit is connected in parallel with at least one of the high-voltage capacitors. After a predetermined limit value of the charging voltage has been exceeded, this monitoring unit emits a signal to a control device of the charging circuit preventing the further charging of the bank. The input of the monitoring unit is formed by a resistive voltage divider comprising a high-voltage-side and a low-voltage-side resistor.A high-voltage direct-voltage source is to be created in which a dielectric overloading of the high-voltage capacitors can be avoided in a simple manner which is insensitive to electric disturbances. This is achieved by the fact that the high-voltage-side resistor of the resistive voltage divider consists at least partially of non-linear voltage-dependent resistance material.

Abstract: A fuel injection system is proposed which serves to supply fuel to an internal combustion engine. The fuel injection system includes a metering and quantity distributing valve connected with regulating valves, which can be acted upon by the fuel pressure in a differential pressure control line. Communicating with a fuel supply line are a pressure limiting valve and a switch member, the latter having a switch diaphragm which is displaceable into a return flow chamber by the fuel pressure counter to a switch spring and a closing spring. Upon this displacement, via a tappet, a spring plate resting on the switch diaphragm opens a sealing valve, which rests at the mouth of an outflow line, which via a control throttle leads to the differential pressure control line. The pressure limiting valve is located upstream of the sealing valve. The return flow chamber is arranged to communicate with the fuel container via a return flow line.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle of the type which includes an outwardly opening valve needle of a valve group and an inner longitudinal bore connecting the valve group with a fuel inlet to the nozzle. The longitudinal bore includes a narrow section between two larger sections, the two larger sections being thus decoupled from pressure variations in either section.

Abstract: A high-voltage, blast-actuated power switch is disclosed in which field electrodes are included in order to prevent arcing within the switch after a bridge conductor has been blasted. The field electrodes are arranged coaxially about the bridge conductor, and are each electrically connected to one of two external connections. The field electrodes include opposing ends which are rounded and which are separated from each other by a distance which is smaller than the distance between the separated ends of the bridge conductor that are bent back onto internal elements of the external connections when the bridge conductor is blasted. The field electrodes tend to reduce the influence of the sharp edges formed on the separated ends of the bridge conductor when the bridge conductor is blasted, thereby increasing the breakdown voltage between the external connections and increasing the dielectric strength of the switch.

Abstract: A puffer-type interrupter for a circuit breaker has a stationary piston received in a movable cylinder which is connected to the movable contact of the interrupter, and which also carries a nozzle for producing a blast of gas through the separating contacts of the interrupter when the cylinder is moved over the piston. An auxiliary piston is slidably mounted relative to the main piston, and mechanism is provided to connect the two pistons together when the interrupter contacts are closed, and to connect the auxiliary piston to the movable cylinder after the contacts have separated.

Abstract: A gas-blast switch possessing a fixed contact and a movable contact and a blast or discharge nozzle surrounding one of the contacts, the blast nozzle having its inlet connected with the outlet of a pump compartment for an extinguishing gas, this pump compartment can be pressurized by the switch cut-off or switching-off movement, and wherein the narrowest location or throat of the blast nozzle is arranged in the direction of blowing downstream with respect to the aforementioned one contact. The outlet of the pump compartment can be closed by a check or nonreturn valve which closes in the direction of the pump compartment. The inlet of the blast nozzle is connected via a gas chamber with the outlet of the pump compartment, the outlet of the gas chamber confronting the blast nozzle can be closed by means of a further check or nonreturn valve which closes in the direction of the gas chamber.