Abstract: Certain configurations described herein are directed to encoders and encoding methods. In some instances, an encoder can be used with an article support to identify an absolute position of the article support based on reading the code of the encoder.

Abstract: A thermoanalytical instrument, and especially a differential scanning calorimeter, has first and second measurement positions, a heater and a temperature sensor associated with each of the measurement positions, and a controller. The controller, which has an associated means for setting a predetermined temperature program, controls a heating power of the first heater to cause the temperature measured at the first position to follow the temperature program. The controller also controls both heaters to eliminate any temperature difference between the measured first and second temperatures. The controller also provides a means for determining the lower of the measured first and second measured temperatures and applies additional power to the heater associated with that lower measured temperature.

Abstract: A thermo-analytical instrument, especially a differential scanning calorimeter has a sample position (201, 401) for receiving a sample (206), a reference position (202, 402), a heating means associated with the sample position and the reference position, a means for setting a predetermined temperature program of nominal values of temperature versus time, a first sensor (407) for measuring a sample temperature (TS) at the sample position, and a controller. The controller controls the heating power of the heating means so that measured sample temperature essentially follows the predetermined temperature program.

Abstract: Certain configurations described herein are directed to encoders and encoding methods. In some instances, an encoder can be used with an article support to identify an absolute position of the article support based on reading the code of the encoder.

Abstract: A thermoanalytical instrument, and especially a differential scanning calorimeter, has first and second measurement positions, a heater and a temperature sensor associated with each of the measurement positions, and a controller. The controller, which has an associated means for setting a predetermined temperature program, controls a heating power of the first heater to cause the temperature measured at the first position to follow the temperature program. The controller also controls both heaters to eliminate any temperature difference between the measured first and second temperatures. The controller also provides a means for determining the lower of the measured first and second measured temperatures and applies additional power to the heater associated with that lower measured temperature.

Abstract: A thermoanalytical instrument, and especially a differential scanning calorimeter, has first and second measurement positions, a heater and a temperature sensor associated with each of the measurement positions, and a controller. The controller, which has an associated means for setting a predetermined temperature program, controls a heating power of the first heater to cause the temperature measured at the first position to follow the temperature program. The controller also controls both heaters to eliminate any temperature difference between the measured first and second temperatures. The controller also provides a means for determining the lower of the measured first and second measured temperatures and applies additional power to the heater associated with that lower measured temperature.

Abstract: A thermo-analytical instrument, especially a differential scanning calorimeter has a sample position (201, 401) for receiving a sample (206), a reference position (202, 402), a heating means associated with the sample position and the reference position, a means for setting a predetermined temperature program of nominal values of temperature versus time, a first sensor (407) for measuring a sample temperature (TS) at the sample position, and a controller. The controller controls the heating power of the heating means so that measured sample temperature essentially follows the predetermined temperature program.

Abstract: A thermo-analytical instrument, especially a differential scanning calorimeter has a sample position (201, 401) for receiving a sample (206), a reference position (202, 402), a heating means associated with the sample position and the reference position, a means for setting a predetermined temperature program of nominal values of temperature versus time, a first sensor (407) for measuring a sample temperature (TS) at the sample position, and a controller. The controller controls the heating power of the heating means so that measured sample temperature essentially follows the predetermined temperature program.

Abstract: A thermoanalytical instrument, and especially a differential scanning calorimeter, has first and second measurement positions, a heater and a temperature sensor associated with each of the measurement positions, and a controller. The controller, which has an associated means for setting a predetermined temperature program, controls a heating power of the first heater to cause the temperature measured at the first position to follow the temperature program. The controller also controls both heaters to eliminate any temperature difference between the measured first and second temperatures. The controller also provides a means for determining the lower of the measured first and second measured temperatures and applies additional power to the heater associated with that lower measured temperature.