Abstract: This invention relates to solid secondary alkyl sulfate/zeolite-containing surface active compositions which are formed by crystallization and which contain at least about 80 percent by weight of secondary alkyl sulfate and zeolite. These compositions are substantially free of unreacted organic matter and water. The invention further relates to a process for preparing these solid secondary alkyl sulfate/zeolite-containing compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to solid secondary alkyl sulfate-containing surface active compositions which are formed by crystallization and which contain at least about 80 percent by weight of secondary alkyl sulfate. These compositions are substantially free of unreacted organic matter and water. The invention further relates to a process for preparing these solid secondary alkyl sulfate-containing compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing solid and non-solid secondary alkyl sulfate-containing surface active compositions. The solid secondary alkyl sulfate-containing surface active compositions are formed by crystallization, and the non-solid secondary alkyl sulfate-containing surface active compositions are recovered in a glycol solvent. These compositions are substantially free of unreacted organic matter and water.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing secondary alkyl sulfate-containing surface active compositions substantially free of unreacted organic matter and water, which process comprises: a) sulfating a mixture of a detergent range olefin having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and a detergent range alcohol having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms with a sulfating agent, b) neutralizing the product of step a) with a base dispersed in a nonionic surfactant having a boiling point higher than that of said detergent range olefin and its corresponding secondary alcohol, c) saponifying the product of step b), d) passing the product of step c) through a thin film evaporator to evaporate unreacted organic matter from said product and recovering said product.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing secondary alkyl sulfate-containing surface active compositions substantially free of unreacted organic matter and water, which process comprises: a) sulfating a reactant selected from the group consisting of a detergent range olefin having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, a detergent range alcohol having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof, with a sulfating agent, b) neutralizing the product of step a) with a base dispersed in a non-surfactant carrier, c) saponifying the product of step b) , d) passing the product of step c) through a thin film evaporator to evaporate unreacted organic matter from said product and recovering a secondary alkyl sulfate-containing product.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing secondary alkyl sulfate-containing surface active compositions substantially free of unreacted organic matter and water, which process comprises: a) sulfating a detergent range olefin having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms with concentrated sulfuric acid, b) neutralizing the product of step a) with a base dispersed in a nonionic surfactant having a boiling point higher than that of said detergent range olefin and its corresponding secondary alcohol, c) saponifying the product of step b), d) passing the product of step c) through a thin film evaporator to evaporate unreacted organic matter from said product and recovering said product.

Abstract: An improved process for the conversion of ethylene to its linear alpha-olefin oligomers by contact with a catalytic nickel complex dissolved in a polar organic solvent. The improvement relates to the use as solvent in such a process of a mixture of certain monohydric and dihydric alcohols in specified proportions. Practice of the invention provides enhanced rate of ethylene oligomerization and/or modification of the carbon number distribution of the product oligomer mixture.

Abstract: Oil is displaced within a subterranean reservoir by injecting a combination of substantially liquefied CO.sub.2, brine and surfactant material into the reservoir, with the surfactant material being a polyalkoxy aliphatic sulfonate surfactant material which has specified dispersing and partitioning properties in contact with the brine and the fluids in the reservoir at the reservoir temperature and a pressure sufficient to substantially liquefy the CO.sub.2 within the reservoir.

Abstract: Detergent compositions particularly useful in hard-surface cleaning comprise an alkanol ethoxylate component which consists essentially of a mixture of compounds of the formula R--O--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O--.sub.x H, wherein R is an alkyl group of from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, said alkyl group having a linear carbon chain in at least about 50 percent of the ethoxylate molecules; wherein the --O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--.sub.x H ether substituent is, in at least 40 percent of the molecules of the mixture, bound to R at a carbon atom which is neither a terminal carbon atom nor a carbon atom adjacent to a terminal carbon atom; and wherein x has an average value for all ethoxylate molecules of the mixture which is in the range from about 3 to 9; said ethoxylate component being further characterized as having a hydrophile-lipophile balance that is between about 10.4 and 12.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of nitrilotriacetic acid values from solutions containing polyvalent metal complexes of nitrilotriacetic and the decomposition products thereof is described, the process being characterized by the addition to such solutions of sufficient strong acid to dissociate the complex under conditions to precipitate the nitrilotriacetic acid.

Abstract: An improved method for recovery of product alkanol and reactant olefin from a reaction mixture obtained via the sulfation and hydrolysis of C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 olefins, which comprise steps for a limited first evaporation of the reaction mixture under alkaline conditions to obtain an alkanol and olefin rich vapor and a liquid containing by-products of the sulfation and hydrolysis reactions, acid wash of the resulting liquid, and a second evaporation of alkanol and olefin from the washed liquid under acidic conditions. In addition to accomplishing separation of alkanol and olefin, the invention enhances selective utilization of C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 olefins for production of C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 alkanols.

Abstract: In the preparation of tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide by the direct oxidation of isobutane, the production of tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide, expressed as the quantity of the compound prepared per unit of reactor volume per unit of time, is enhanced by conducting the oxidation in a dense, supercritical phase reaction mixture at a temperature in excess of the critical temperature of the mixture, at a pressure in excess of the critical pressure of the mixture, and under conditions relating to composition of the mixture.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of C.sub.8 to C.sub.20 secondary alkanol alkoxylates from C.sub.8 to C.sub.20 olefins and alkylene and/or polyether glycols, which comprises sulfating the olefins with sulfuric acid to obtain C.sub.8 to C.sub.20 secondary monoalkyl sulfuric acids, introducing said monoalkyl sulfuric acids and said glycols into an alkoxylation reaction zone, and reacting said monoalkyl sulfuric acids and said glycols under specified conditions of time and temperature.

Abstract: An improved technique is described for the recovery of aliphatic diol reaction solvent in a process wherein ethylene is oligomerized at elevated temperature and pressure by contact with a solution of a nickel complex catalyst in an aliphatic diol solvent to afford a reaction product made up of (a) a liquid solvent phase containing dissolved catalyst, (b) a liquid hydrocarbon phase comprising ethylene oligomers containing dissolved ethylene, catalyst and diol solvent and (c) gaseous ethylene, said reaction product being passed to a series of phase separation zones whereby gaseous ethylene and a substantial portion of the diol reaction solvent containing dissolved catalyst are separated and recycled to the oligomerization reaction zone with a minor portion of the separated reaction solvent being passed to a fractionation zone for removal of light ends and spent catalyst prior to reuse in the process. With this improved process, the formation of diol solvent degradation products, e.g.

Abstract: A process for the activation of peroxide-based bleaches comprises conjointly incorporating into an aqueous medium a peroxide-based bleach, a buffering agent to maintain the aqueous medium at a pH above 7.5, and cyanamide, which has been found to be a highly effective peroxide activator when employed under alkaline conditions. Stable concentrated liquid and solid cyanamide-activated bleaching compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Ethylene is oligomerized to even numbered alpha-monoolefins, predominantly in the range up to about C.sub.40, by contact at elevated pressure with nickel complex catalysts dissolved in polar organic solvents, preferably certain diols. In the recovery of oligomers from the reaction product of this process, the ethylene-containing liquid oligomer product phase, after separation from the liquid solvent phase, is scrubbed with a clean portion of the organic solvent to remove catalyst complex, which may be recycled to the reaction zone. Such catalyst removal prevents polyethylene formation during further processing of the product, thus avoiding fouling of process equipment and improving ethylene utilization as well as catalyst utilization.

Abstract: An improvement upon processes for the bleaching of wood pulp which comprise preparing an aqueous alkaline bleaching medium containing hydrogen peroxide and contacting the pulp with said medium under agitation. The improvement particularly comprises agitating a suspension of the pulp in an aqueous medium containing the hydrogen peroxide and between about 15 and 65 percent by mol of one or more of a limited class of alkenylsuccinic anhydride compounds which are found to promote the bleaching of the wood pulp by the hydrogen peroxide. The improved process of the invention is further found to be necessarily restricted to operation under limited conditions of bleaching mixture temperature and pH.The invention is usefully applied in the preparation of a wide variety of paper and paperboard products. The invention has particular benefit in accomplishing a high degree of bleaching performance at relatively low bleaching system temperatures.