Abstract: The present invention relates to a gas collection device and is directed to a gas collection device for collecting a gas which is generated while microorganisms are cultured in a super absorbent polymer product. The gas collection device may comprise a constant temperature chamber having an interior that is configured to be maintained at a set temperature; a culture flask unit located inside the constant temperature chamber and configured to culture a bacteria therein; an adsorption unit located outside the constant temperature chamber and configured to receive a gas inside the culture flask unit; a pump unit connected to a rear end of the adsorption unit and configured to suck the gas inside the culture flask unit into the adsorption unit; and a mass flow controller located outside the constant temperature chamber and configured to control a flow rate of the gas sucked into the adsorption unit.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for transmitting and receiving signals in a mobile communication system are provided. A method for transmitting a signal by an evolved Node B (eNB) in a mobile communication system includes transmitting a same control channel signal to each of a plurality of Radio Units (RUs), and transmitting a different data channel signal to each of the plurality of RUs. A data channel signal transmitted to each of the plurality of RUs may be determined taking into account at least one of a location of a User Equipment (UE) that will receive the data channel signal, and load balancing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a glycol chitosan-based hydrogel containing only natural polysaccharides without use of a toxic crosslinking agent. The hydrogel of the present invention exhibits a self-healing behavior under physiological conditions and in the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles, and thus can be useful for use as a delivery system for injection. In addition, in the hydrogel of the present invention, a delivery rate or amount of a substance carried within the hydrogel can be regulated using the magnetic field, which allows the hydrogel to be used for a variety of drug delivery and tissue engineering applications with on-demand release of gel payloads under external magnetic stimulation. The hydrogel can be effectively used as a delivery vehicle for a physiologically active substance such as a therapeutic agent.

Abstract: Methods, an apparatus, and a network manager for cooperative communication are provided. A method of communication by a serving base station performing a cooperative communication with a plurality of base stations includes selecting serving channel code information based on Channel Status Information (CSI) of the serving base station, receiving cooperating channel code information based on CSI of a cooperating base station from the cooperating base station performing the cooperative communication with the serving base station, determining a compensation parameter based on the serving channel code information and the cooperating channel code information, and determining a beamforming vector of the serving base station based on the compensation parameter.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for operating a Codebook Subset Pattern (CSP) of a Base Station (BS) in a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system are provided. The method includes determining whether there is a CSP-updated BS among the BS and adjacent BSs, exchanging the updated CSP between cells if it is determined that there is a CSP-updated BS, and broadcasting the CSP of each cell acquired through the exchange thereby reducing an inter-cell interference in the MIMO system.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method of a base station configured to select a precoding mode in a mobile communication system. When channel estimate information is received from at least one terminal, the channel estimate information is collected, so that user grouping is performed according to one precoding scheme from among multiple precoding schemes. Individual user scheduling is performed according to each precoding scheme, so that a service candidate group set is generated. The selected precoding scheme is maximized according to a transmission capacity of a service candidate group set for each precoding scheme. Data is then transmitted to a determined candidate group set using the determined precoding scheme.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for precoding by limited cooperation in a wireless communication system. A method of data precoding by a Base Station (BS) in a wireless communication system includes determining a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) parameter indicating channel size information between the BS and a User Equipment (UE) served by the BS; transmitting the determined CQI parameter through a backhaul to a central unit; receiving, from the central unit, a weight factor based on a CQI parameter from each cell; and determining a precoding vector based on the weight factor. The weight factor represents a relative ratio of an inter-cell environment that is to be interfered by the BS.

Abstract: In a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication system, a serving evolved Node B (eNB) receives a channel covariance matrix of the serving eNB and a channel covariance matrix for a first neighbor eNB with the highest interference among neighbor eNBs, from a User Equipment (UE). Received signal power information is generated for each subband-beam pair. Interference signal power information is generated for each subband-beam pair for the first neighbor eNB. The generated interference signal power information is exchanged with the first neighbor eNB for each subband-beam pair. Beam coordination information indicating a use status of each beam in each subband is generated for the UE, using the interference signal power information of the first neighbor eNB. The generated beam coordination information is exchanged with the neighbor eNB. Scheduling is performed on the UE using the generated beam coordination information and the beam coordination information of the first neighbor eNB.

Abstract: A Mobile Station (MS) is operable to select a precoding matrix in a multi-antenna wireless communication system. The method includes receiving, from a serving Base Station (BS), information on a precoding matrix of which use is prohibited and a precoding matrix to be used by a neighbor BS, estimating an interference signal for the precoding matrix to be used by the neighbor BS, and selecting a precoding matrix to be used by the serving BS by considering the estimated interference signal from the remaining precoding matrixes except for the precoding matrix of which use is prohibited among precoding matrixes used by the serving BS.

Abstract: Methods, an apparatus, and a network manager for cooperative communication are provided. A method of communication by a serving base station performing a cooperative communication with a plurality of base stations includes selecting serving channel code information based on Channel Status Information (CSI) of the serving base station, receiving cooperating channel code information based on CSI of a cooperating base station from the cooperating base station performing the cooperative communication with the serving base station, determining a compensation parameter based on the serving channel code information and the cooperating channel code information, and determining a beamforming vector of the serving base station based on the compensation parameter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and to a method for the cooperation among base stations, in which a communication service is provided to a plurality of communication terminals through the plurality of base stations. When channel state information of a communication terminal is acquired, a serving base station selects a serving channel code matching the channel state information from a codebook, calculates linear transform information using the serving channel code and the channel state information, and transmits the serving channel code to a cooperative base station. When the cooperative base station receives a cooperation channel code, the serving base station calculates serving weight information of the serving base station and cooperation weight information of the cooperative base station using the serving channel code and the cooperation channel code, and determines a beam forming vector by applying the linear transform information to the serving weight information.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating an effective Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) per stream in a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) wireless communication system is disclosed. The apparatus includes a selector, a calculator, a generator, and a decider. The selector selects effective streams among whole streams. The calculator calculates a relative SNR rate between the effective streams. The generator generates an equation having as a solution an SNR of a first effective stream. The decider decides an SNR per effective stream using the solution of the equation and the relative SNR rate.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting signals based on a Lattice Reduction (LR) algorithm in a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) wireless communication system are provided.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reducing pilot overhead in a multi-antenna system are provided. The method generates postcodes and pre-codes for streams used to transmit signals to at least two receivers. The method allocates a pilot signal to at least one of the streams, and allocates an additional pilot signal shared by at least one of the streams. The method precodes the pilot signal allocated to at least one of the streams, the additional pilot signal, and data to be transmitted to each of the receivers, based on the pre-code for each of the streams, prior to transmission.

Abstract: Provided are a mobile station that may determine a Precoding Matrix Index (PMI) of a serving channel, generate Channel State Information (CSI) based on only interference channels, and feed back the PMI and the CSI to a serving base station, a base station that may design a precoding vector based on the PMI and the CSI, and an operation of the mobile station. Also, provided are a mobile station that may determine a PMI based on only interference channels, generate CSI of a serving channel, and feed back the PMI and the CSI to a serving base station, a base station that may design a precoding vector based on the PMI and the CSI, and an operation method of the mobile station.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for multi-cell calibration in a wireless communication system supporting cooperative Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) are provided. Operations of a Base Station (BS) according to the method include transmitting a first message indicating a start of multi-cell sounding calibration to a reference Mobile Station (MS); estimating an uplink channel matrix of the reference MS using pilot symbols received from the reference MS; transmitting pilot symbols for enabling the reference MS to estimate a downlink channel matrix; when receiving downlink channel information of cooperative BSs from the reference MS, transmitting second messages comprising the downlink channel information to the cooperative BSs; and determining a multi-cell calibration matrix using the uplink channel matrix and the downlink channel information received from the reference MS.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for beamforming in a wireless communication using a Base Station (BS) cooperative scheme are provided. The beamforming method includes exchanging channel status information with at least one cooperative BS which provides a BS cooperative service, generating a beamforming weight based on the channel status information, determining channel variation caused by a time delay in the channel status information exchange with the cooperative BS, updating the generated beamforming weight based on the channel variation, and precoding a transmit signal based on the updated beamforming weight.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for pilot transmission in a wireless communication system are provided. The method includes generating a precode and a postcode for coordinated beamforming using channel information of one or more streams for transmitting signals to one or more receive ends, selecting one or more streams to be allocated pilots, updating the precode according to a reference point for representing an effective channel of non-selected streams orthogonal to an effective channel of the selected streams, and precoding signals transmitted through the streams.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for beamforming in a multi-antenna system are provided. The method includes assuming at least one codeword comprised in a codebook as a precoding weight of a reference receive end and generating post-processing weights of at least two receive ends, confirming a codeword maximizing a sum rate using the post-processing weights, generating preceding weights of the receive ends using the codeword maximizing the sum rate, and precoding a transmit signal using the generated precoding weights and transmitting the precoded transmit signal to each receive end.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for transmitting and receiving signals in a mobile communication system are provided. A method for transmitting a signal by an evolved Node B (eNB) in a mobile communication system includes transmitting a same control channel signal to each of a plurality of Radio Units (RUs), and transmitting a different data channel signal to each of the plurality of RUs. A data channel signal transmitted to each of the plurality of RUs may be determined taking into account at least one of a location of a User Equipment (UE) that will receive the data channel signal, and load balancing.