Abstract: A spectrometer assembly comprising an ion detector array and a printed circuit board, wherein the ion detector array is attached on the printed circuit board, and the printed circuit board is secured on the same base plate that a magnetic section is secured. This configuration presents many advantages including, but not limited to, sturdy and convenient electrical connections between the assembly and following processing units, as well as mounting accuracy of the ion detector array in miscellaneous devices, and especially in front of magnetic sectors of spectrometers of the Mattauch and Herzog type. This invention pertains any types of ion detector arrays, with special emphasis to Strip Charge Detector Arrays, Faraday Cup Detector Arrays, and even more importantly to Shift Register Based Direct Ion Detection Chips.

Abstract: This invention pertains fasteners which are characterized by easy insertion and extraordinarily difficult separation of items that they attach together. This is achieved by a combination of snapping segments with an elastic body disposed at least under the head of the fastener. The snapping segments may comprise anti-opening and/or anti-sliding portions, which immensely increase the strength with which the fasteners hold the objects together. The elastic body in the vicinity of the bottom section of the fasteners also provides water and gas proof properties, as well as elimination of squeaking noises. Vehicles comprising objects connected together by the fastening devices described and claimed herein are part of the instant invention.

Abstract: The present invention pertains fasteners with critical configuration of the barbs, which allow the extraction of the fastener without destruction of the slot and/or the fastener. Further, this critical configuration of the barbs allows the fasteners to be used in slots of various widths and prevents rattling, which would take place in the case of fasteners of the present state of the art. The critical configuration is based on the special dimensions and special shape of the barbs with regard to the parts and the slots involved in assemblies of the fasteners and the parts. The present invention also pertains assemblies of miscellaneous parts connected together by means of the fasteners, as well as vehicles comprising such assemblies. In addition, the present invention comprises fasteners providing a combination of low and high barbs, which combination prevents rattling of the fastener and allows secure attachment on a part, such as a sheet metal, for example.

Abstract: This invention pertains fasteners which are characterized by easy insertion and extraordinarily difficult separation of items that they attach together. This is achieved by a combination of snapping segments with an elastic body disposed at least under the head of the fastener. The snapping segments may comprise anti-opening and/or anti-sliding portions, which immensely increase the strength with which the fasteners hold the objects together. The elastic body in the vicinity of the bottom section of the fasteners also provides water and gas proof properties, as well as elimination of squeaking noises. Vehicles comprising objects connected together by the fastening devices described and claimed herein are part of the instant invention.

Abstract: The present invention pertains fasteners with critical configuration of the barbs, which allow the extraction of the fastener without destruction of the slot and/or the fastener. Further, this critical configuration of the barbs allows the fasteners to be used in slots of various widths and prevents rattling, which would take place in the case of fasteners of the present state of the art. The critical configuration is based on the special dimensions and special shape of the barbs with regard to the parts and the slots involved in assemblies of the fasteners and the parts. The present invention also pertains assemblies of miscellaneous parts connected together by means of the fasteners, as well as vehicles comprising such assemblies. In addition, the present invention comprises fasteners providing a combination of low and high barbs, which combination prevents rattling of the fastener and allows secure attachment on a part, such as a sheet metal, for example.

Abstract: This invention relates to a sealing spring fasteners, which comprise one or more snapping engagement segments. The snapping engagement segments have engagement sections, which in turn have engagement bent portions. The engagement bent portions provide the sealing spring fasteners with considerably increased holding power. The invention also pertains a method of making the fasteners, as well as vehicles comprising such fasteners.

Abstract: This invention relates to a spring fastener, which comprises engagement springs in opposite sides of the fastener. Each engagement spring has an engagement region comprising a hindrance portion, which increases considerably the removal to insertion force ratio as compared to such ratio in the absence of the hindrance portion, thus permitting very easy insertion with considerably more difficult removal of the fastener from the slot of a panel, which provides an efficient ergonomically balanced removal to insertion force ratio. The hindrance portion comprises ripples or other hindrance elements of unexpectedly minute dimensions for providing this efficient ergonomic force balance.

Abstract: This invention relates to a spring fastener, which comprises engagement springs in opposite sides of the fastener. Each engagement spring has an engagement region comprising a hindrance portion, which increases considerably the removal to insertion force ratio as compared to such ratio in the absence of the hindrance portion, thus permitting very easy insertion with considerably more difficult removal of the fastener from the slot of a panel, which provides an efficient ergonomically balanced removal to insertion force ratio. The hindrance portion comprises ripples or other hindrance elements of unexpectedly minute dimensions for providing this efficient ergonomic force balance.

Abstract: A solid imaging apparatus and method produces an integral three-dimensional object from a multiplicity of cross sectional portions of the object by selectively exposing successive layers of a liquid photoformable composition to actinic radiation. The apparatus includes a vessel for containing the composition so as to present a free surface, and a movable platform disposed within the vessel below the free surface. Part of the composition is transferred above the free surface by lowering and raising a dispenser at predetermined positions located away from the platform. A doctor blade contacts the composition transferred above the free surface, and then moves over the platform to form a substantially uniform layer of the composition.

Abstract: The present invention pertains fasteners with critical configuration of the barbs, which allow the extraction of the fastener without destruction of the slot and/or the fastener. Further, this critical configuration of the barbs allows the fasteners to be used in slots of various widths and prevents rattling, which would take place in the case of fasteners of the present state of the art. The critical configuration is based on the special dimensions and special shape of the barbs with regard to the parts and the slots involved in assemblies of the fasteners and the parts. The present invention also pertains assemblies of miscellaneous parts connected together by means of the fasteners, as well as vehicles comprising such assemblies. In addition, the present invention comprises fasteners providing a combination of low and high barbs, which combination prevents rattling of the fastener and allows secure attachment on a part, such as a sheet metal, for example.

Abstract: This invention relates to a spring fastener, which comprises engagement springs in opposite sides of the fastener. Each engagement spring has an engagement region comprising a hindrance portion, which increases considerably the removal to insertion force ratio as compared to such ratio in the absence of the hindrance portion, thus permitting very easy insertion with considerably more difficult removal of the fastener from the slot of a panel, which provides an efficient ergonomically balanced removal to insertion force ratio. The hindrance portion comprises ripples or other hindrance elements of unexpectedly minute dimensions for providing this efficient ergonomic force balance. The combination of the above structures with the presence of barbs being bent at their front portion improves immensely the ergonomic character of the devices.

Abstract: Fasteners which are characterized by easy insertion and extraordinarily difficult separation of items that they attach together. This is achieved by snapping segments, which may comprise anti-opening and/or anti-sliding portions, which immensely increase the strength with which the fasteners hold the objects together. Vehicles comprising objects connected together by the fastening devices are part of the instant invention.

Abstract: This invention pertains fasteners which are characterized by easy insertion and extraordinarily difficult separation of items that they attach together. This is achieved by a combination of snapping segments with an elastic body disposed at least under the head of the fastener. The snapping segments may comprise anti-opening and/or anti-sliding portions, which immensely increase the strength with which the fasteners hold the objects together. The elastic body in the vicinity of the bottom section of the fasteners also provides water and gas proof properties, as well as elimination of squeaking noises. Vehicles comprising objects connected together by the fastening devices described and claimed herein are part of the instant invention.

Abstract: This invention relates to a spring fastener, which comprises engagement springs in opposite sides of the fastener. Each engagement spring has an engagement region comprising a hindrance portion, which increases considerably the removal to insertion force ratio as compared to such ratio in the absence of the hindrance portion, thus permitting very easy insertion with considerably more difficult removal of the fastener from the slot of a panel, which provides an efficient ergonomically balanced removal to insertion force ratio. The hindrance portion comprises ripples or other hindrance elements of unexpectedly minute dimensions for providing this efficient ergonomic force balance.

Abstract: A fastener having a head and two expandable legs. The fastener further has a Y-shaped funnel configuration, which has been formed by a partial cut of the legs. The sides of the Y-shaped funnel comprise inwardly bent portions which are designed to extend into the slot of an object. The bent portions produce jamming and clamping when an expanding member is inserted through a hole on the head, resulting to highly improved pulling force. The fastener may be used in slots of different widths and may be pulled easily out of the slots, if so desired, in contrast with the fasteners of the present state in the art. Further, the fastener may be used in vehicles to connect one or more parts together.

Abstract: This invention discloses fasteners characterized by the use of barbs to secure a primary object in place. More particularly, the barbs which are used are critically shaped barbs resulting in considerable increase of the holding force without sacrificing the flexibility of the barbs, the force needed to insert part of the primary object into the fastener, and without sacrificing the broad acceptability of various thicknesses of the primary object to be fastened. The distance between the front point of a barb and the respective opposite side structure may preferably be smaller than the thickness of said material, such as sheet metal for example, that the fastener is made from. The fasteners of this invention may also be provided with spring members of intricate and critical structure, which despite easy insertion of the fastener into a slot of a secondary object, the removal force is greatly increased.

Abstract: The present invention pertains fasteners with critical configuration of the barbs, which allow the extraction of the fastener without destruction of the slot and/or the fastener. Further, this critical configuration of the barbs allows the fasteners to be used in slots of various widths and prevents rattling, which would take place in the case of fasteners of the present state of the art. The critical configuration is based on the special dimensions and special shape of the barbs with regard to the parts and the slots involved in assemblies of the fasteners and the parts. The present invention also pertains assemblies of miscellaneous parts connected together by means of the fasteners, as well as vehicles comprising such assemblies. In addition, the present invention comprises fasteners providing a combination of low and high barbs, which combination prevents rattling of the fastener and allows secure attachment on a part, such as a sheet metal, for example.

Abstract: This invention is related to a screw-nail member, to anchoring devices, articles using the anchoring devices to be secured on each other, and vehicles comprising one or more of the above. The screw-nail member has a first head, a screw upper portion toward the first head, and a leading nail lower portion away from the head. The screw-nail member may be used with conjunction with a spring fastener having a second head and two legs. The leading nail lower portion expands the legs of the fastener for securing a first object on a second object before the upper screw portion engages on the upper side of the second head of the fastener. This eliminates bowing of the head, which occurs when conventional screws or bolts are used with the fastener. In addition, engagement requires only push-in action with minimal turning of the screw-nail member, thus considerably improving productivity.

Abstract: This invention pertains fasteners, and more particularly fasteners which have expandable legs and which attach one object to another object. It also pertains combinations of one or more objects with said fastener(s), parts or objects connected with the fastener(s), as well as vehicles comprising parts connected with said fastener(s). The fastener comprises a substantially flat head and two expandable legs. The head preferably has an upper side and a lower side, preferably separated by a gap. The head also has a hole (round, oblong or otherwise shaped) in which the expanding body may engage or pass through for expanding the legs and securing a first object having a slot to a second object having a hole, such as a metal sheet to a plastic panel, for example. The fastener also comprises a Y-shaped funnel configuration, which has been formed by a partial cut of the legs. The sides of the Y-shaped funnel comprise inwardly bent portions which are designed to extend into the slot of the first object.

Abstract: This invention pertains fasteners which are characterized by easy insertion and extraordinarily difficult separation of items that they attach together. This is achieved by a combination of snapping segments with multi-engagement configurations of engageable holes. The snapping segments may comprise anti-opening and/or anti-sliding portions, which immensely increase the strength with which the fasteners hold the objects together. Provision of an elastic body in the vicinity of the bottom section of the fasteners provides water and gas proof properties, and further eliminates squeaking noises. Vehicles comprising objects connected together by the fastening devices described and claimed herein are part of the instant invention.