Abstract: A device for transmission measurement of a measurement object by measuring and evaluating reflected microwaves includes a microwave generator and a transmitting and receiving unit connected to the microwave generator to emit microwave radiation onto the measurement object and to receive radiation reflected from the measurement object. The transmitting and receiving unit includes an individual, dually polarized antenna. A reflector is provided and includes a polarizer to rotate a polarization of the radiation reflected from the measurement object in relation to incident radiation. The reflector is positioned on a side of the measurement object facing away from the transmitting and receiving unit. A modulator is included for the transmitting and receiving unit to determine at least one of: (i) an amplitude; and (ii) a phase position between the emitted and reflected radiation. The modulator is configured as an Q/I modulator.