Abstract: A method for improving fuel efficiency in an engine lubricated with a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil having a composition comprising: a lubricating oil base stock; and a viscosity index improver comprising at least one propylene-based polymer. The at least one propylene-based polymer comprises from 60 wt % to 98 wt % propylene derived units and from 2 wt % to 40 wt % units derived from one or more other alpha olefins, a weight average molecular weight (Mw) as measured by GPC of from 100,000 to 500,000, a number average molecular weight (Mn) as measured by GPC of from 100,000 to 400,000, a molecular weight distribution (MWD=Mw/Mn) of from 1 to 2; and a mole ratio of propylene to one or more other alpha olefins from 50:50 to 85:15.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and processes for increasing the production of FCC (Fluid Catalytic Cracking) gasoline products, and optionally distillate products, from refinery feedstocks. In particular, the processes include hydrotreating and further hydroisomerizing a typical FCC range feedstream prior to catalytically cracking the feedstream in the FCC unit. The methods herein result in higher FCC naphtha yields and lower FCC cat bottoms yields thereby significantly increasing the overall FCC gasoline production for a given operating unit and increasing the profit margin of such FCC unit operations.

Abstract: A lubricant composition including: (A) greater than 50 wt % of a base stock based on the total weight of the composition selected from the group consisting of that of a Group III base oil, a Group IV base oil, and a combination thereof; and (B) one or more additional components. The one or more additional components are selected from the group consisting of: (i) one or more high or medium base carboxylate detergents; (ii) one or more low base carboxylate detergents, wherein the low base carboxylate detergent is present at a level of 0.60 wt % or less based on the total weight of the composition; (iii) one or more low base carboxylate detergents and one or more aromatics-containing base stock(s); and (iv) one or more phenolic detergents.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feedstreams are desulfurized using an alkali metal reagent, optionally in the presence of hydrogen. Improved control over reaction conditions can be achieved in part by controlling the particle size of the alkali metal salt and by using multiple desulfurization reactors. The processes herein allow a simple and effective method for removing the majority of coke formed in the alkali metal reagent reactions with the hydrocarbon feedstreams. This makes it cost effective to run such processes at higher severities (which result in higher coke production) thereby resulting in increased amounts of valuable converted hydrocarbon product yields. The process improvements herein may also be used to increase total throughput through a unit due to the ability to effectively manage higher coke content in the reaction products.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for hydroprocessing a petroleum fraction, such as a bottoms fraction from a fuels hydrocracking process, to generate a lubricant base oil. A fuels hydrocracking process typically has less stringent requirements for the sulfur and nitrogen content of a feed as compared to a lubricant base oil. Additionally, depending on the nature of the feed for the fuels hydrocracking process, the bottoms fraction may contain a relatively high level of aromatics compounds. The aromatic content of such a petroleum fraction can be reduced using a aromatic saturation stage with multiple catalyst beds, or alternatively using a reactor (or reactors) with multiple aromatic saturation stages. The catalysts in the various beds or stages can be selected to provide different types of aromatic saturation activity. An initial bed or stage can provide activity for saturation of 1-ring aromatics in the petroleum fraction.

Abstract: Coke drum assembly is provided with a vessel having a body portion defining an interior, a central axis, and having a lower portion including a sidewall, and at least one feed inlet coupled with the lower portion in fluid communication with the interior of the vessel. The at least one feed inlet is directed toward the central axis of the vessel, and angled upwardly at a feed inlet angle relative to the central axis. At a location opposite the feed inlet, the side wall of the lower portion is angled upwardly at an opposing wall angle relative to the central axis, wherein the feed inlet angle is less than or equal to the opposing wall angle. Method also is provided for delayed coking using the coke drum assembly disclosed herein.

Abstract: In a process for preparing a high activity, large crystal ZSM-5 type zeolite in the absence of a template, a reaction mixture can be prepared comprising water, a silica source having a surface area less than 150 m2/g, an alumina source, seeds, a source of an oxide of an alkali metal, M, and a source of gluconic acid or salt thereof, Q, wherein the mixture has a SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio?40. The reaction mixture can be heated to a crystallization temperature from about 100° C. to 200° C. for a time sufficient for crystals of ZSM-5 to form Crystals of ZSM-5 can then be recovered from the reaction mixture which crystals can have a SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio?40 and a majority of which crystals can have at least one crystalline dimension of at least about 2 ?m.

Abstract: Provided are lubricating engine oils including a lubricating oil base stock as a major component and an alkylated aromatic base stock as a minor component. One or more of engine wear and corrosion resistance are improved as compared to engine wear and corrosion resistance achieved using a lubricating oil containing a minor component other than the alkylated aromatic base stock, e.g., an ester having a D5293 viscosity of less than 10,000 cP at ?35° C. In an engine lubricated with the lubricating oil, one or more of engine wear and corrosion resistance are improved as compared to engine wear and corrosion resistance achieved using a lubricating oil containing a minor component other than the alkylated aromatic base stock, e.g., an ester having a D5293 viscosity of less than 10,000 cP at ?35° C. This improvement in engine wear and corrosion control means that engine oils can be formulated with very high saturate content base stocks such as PAOs or GTL stock while providing improved engine durability.

Abstract: A method for improving fuel efficiency, while maintaining or improving wear protection, in an engine lubricated with a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil having a HTHS viscosity of less than 2.6 cP at 150° C. In one form, the formulated oil has a composition that includes a lubricating oil base stock as a major component, and zinc dialkyl dithio phosphate, a mixture of (i) at least two alkali metal detergents, (ii) at least two alkaline earth metal detergents, or (iii) one or more alkali metal detergents and one or more alkaline earth metal detergents; and a viscosity index improver, as minor components. The lubricating oil has a HTHS viscosity of less than 2.6 cP at 150° C. The composition contains less than 2 weight percent of the viscosity index improver, based on the total weight of the formulated oil or lubricating engine oil.

Abstract: Methods are provided for liquid phase activation of dewaxing and/or hydrofinishing catalysts that include a molecular sieve or other acidic crystalline support. The methods are compatible with activating the catalysts as part of a catalyst system that also includes a hydrotreating catalyst.

Abstract: A grease with improved water resistance is based on a combination of a polyamide thixotrope with a water insoluble thickener, preferably a lithium soap/complex thickener and an antioxidant/corrosion inhibitor/antiwear additive package. The improvement is maintained when highly effective or aggressive rust inhibitors which normally tend to degrade water wash out resistance are present in the grease. Another advantage is that resistance to fretting is significantly improved to the extent that the greases containing these components are capable of achieving a high level of resistance to false brinelling. The greases are particularly useful for application in wind turbine bearings.

Abstract: This invention provides methods for multi-stage hydroprocessing treatment of FCC naphthas for improving the overall production quantity of naphtha boiling-range materials during naphtha production for low sulfur gasolines. Of particular benefit of the present processes is the selective treating of cat naphthas to remove gums instead of undercutting the overall naphtha pool by lowering the end cutpoints of the cat naphtha fraction. This maximizes the amount of refinery cat naphtha that can be directed to the gasoline blending pool while eliminating existing processing problems in hydrodesulfurization units. The processes disclosed herein have the additional benefit of minimizing octane losses in the increased naphtha pool volume.

Abstract: This invention relates to the composition, method of making and use of a hydrocracking catalyst that is comprised of a new Y zeolite which exhibits an exceptionally low small mesoporous peak around the 40 ? (angstrom) range as determined by nitrogen adsorption measurements. The hydrocracking catalysts of invention exhibit improved distillate yield and selectivity as well as improved conversions at lower temperatures than conventional hydrocracking catalysts containing Y zeolites. The hydrocracking catalysts herein are particularly useful in the hydrocracking processes as disclosed herein, particularly for conversion of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks such as gas oils and vacuum tower bottoms and an associated maximization and/or improved selectivity of the distillate yield obtained from such hydrocracking processes.

Abstract: In a process for producing a phosphorus-modified zeolite catalyst, zeolite crystals can be formed into a shaped catalyst body either in the absence of a separate inorganic oxide binder or in the presence of a separate inorganic oxide binder that is substantially free of aluminum. After converting the zeolite crystals to the hydrogen form and removing any organic directing agent employed in the synthesis of the zeolite crystals, the shaped catalyst body can be treated with an aqueous solution of a phosphorus compound, and the treated catalyst body can be heated to remove the water and to convert the phosphorus compound to an oxide form.

Abstract: A sensor for detection and measurement of incompatible (corrosive or foreign) materials in a fluid medium. The sensor includes a tuning fork mounted on a diaphragm with tines having an amplitude and a resonant frequency. The sensor alarms when a measured amount of the incompatible material has been deposited on the sensor to form a fusing element on the tines which causes vibration of the tines to cease.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for producing at least one low sulfur distillate fuel product with improved low temperature properties. A potential distillate fuel feed is initially hydrotreated to reduce sulfur and nitrogen levels in the feed to desired amounts. The hydrotreated effluent is then fractionated to form several fractions, including a light diesel/distillate fraction and a heavy diesel fraction. The heavy diesel fraction is then dewaxed to improve the cold flow properties of the heavy diesel fraction. The dewaxed heavy diesel fraction can be combined with the light diesel fraction, or the dewaxed heavy diesel fraction can be fractionated as well. Optionally, the heavy diesel fraction is dewaxed under conditions effective for producing a dewaxed fraction with a cloud point that is less than or equal to the cloud point of the light diesel/distillate fraction.

Abstract: This invention relates to the composition and synthesis of an Extra Mesoporous Y (or “EMY”) zeolite and its use in the catalytic conversion of organic compounds. In particular, this invention relates to a Y-type framework zeolite possessing a high large mesopore pore volume to small mesopore pore volume ratio. The novel zeolite obtained provides beneficial structural features for use in petroleum refining and petrochemical processes.

Abstract: A composition that includes one or more compounds represented by the formula R1(X)R2 wherein R1 is an alkyl group having from 4 to 40 carbon atoms, R2 is an aliphatic group having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cycloaliphatic group having from 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and X is a heteroatom. The composition has a viscosity (Kv100) from 2 to 30 at 100° C., a viscosity index (VI) from 100 to 200, and a Noack volatility of no greater than 20 percent. The disclosure also relates to a process for producing the composition, a lubricating oil base stock and lubricating oil containing the composition, and a method for improving one or more of solubility and dispersancy of polar additives in a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil containing the composition.

Abstract: A relatively low cost, highly productive, scalable culture vessel, and method to grow photosynthetic organisms, in particular autotrophic algae, is provided. The culture vessel can be constructed of a transparent plastic enclosure. One or more thin sheets, films, droplets, or streams of a free falling suspension of organism in liquid media can be continuously formed within an enclosure. The free falling media can fall into a collector or pool at the bottom of the enclosure. The media can then be recirculated to the top of the enclosure to once again form into a free falling sheet, curtain, droplets, etc. The organisms (e.g., algae) can then be harvested from a collector.

Abstract: A bound phosphorus-modified catalyst composition comprises a zeolite having a silica to alumina molar ratio of at least 40, phosphorus in an amount between about 0.1 wt % and about 3 wt % of the total catalyst composition, and a binder essentially free of aluminum. The bound catalyst composition can advantageously exhibit at least one of: (a) microporous surface area of at least 340 m2/g; (b) an alpha value after steaming in ˜100% steam for ˜96 hours at ˜1000° F. (˜538° C.) of at least 40; and (c) a coke deactivation rate constant<0.05 after steaming in ˜100% steam for ˜96 hours at ˜1000° F. (˜538° C.). The bound catalyst, as calcined, can advantageously also exhibit (i) 2,2-dimethylbutane diffusivity>˜1.5×10?2 sec?1 measured at ˜120° C. and ˜60 torr (˜8 kPa) and (ii) a coke deactivation rate constant<˜0.15.