Abstract: A method of transmitting from a first node to a second node, said method comprising the steps of transmitting in a first mode at least one data frame from said first node to said second node; and determining if there is no data to be transmitted and if there is no data to be transmitted transmitting at least one empty frame in the first mode; and switching to a second mode in which no transmission is made in the absence of data to be transmitted at least some of the time.

Abstract: A method of transmitting in a second mode at least one data frame from a first node to a second node. Determining if there is data to be transmitted and if there is no data to be transmitted then transmitting from said first node to said second node no frame in the second mode. The first node receiving an indication that the first node should use a first mode and transmitting an acknowledgement in response to the indication. Switching from the second mode to the first mode and transmitting in the first mode at least one data frame from the first node to the second node. Then, further determining if there is data to be transmitted and if there is no data to be transmitted then transmitting from said first node to said second node at least one empty frame in the first mode.

Abstract: A method of transmitting from a first node to a second node, said method comprising the steps of transmitting in a first mode at least one data frame from said first node to said second node; and determining if there is no data to be transmitted and if there is no data to be transmitted transmitting at least one empty frame in the first mode; and switching to a second mode in which no transmission is made in the absence of data to be transmitted at least some of the time.

Abstract: A method of transmitting from a first node to a second node, said method comprising the steps of transmitting in a first mode at least one data frame from said first node to said second node; and determining if there is no data to be transmitted and if there is no data to be transmitted transmitting at least one empty frame in the first mode; and switching to a second mode in which no transmission is made in the absence of data to be transmitted at least some of the time.

Abstract: A communication system covering an area, including a plurality of first units. Each of the first units being configured to control the allocation of channels in a part of the area. At least one of the first units being configured to send information relating to channel allocation in the part of the area associated with the at least one first unit to at least one other of the first units. The at least one other of the first means units being configured to take into account the received information when controlling the allocation of channels in the part of the area associated with the at least one other first units.

Abstract: A procedure for the on-site reduction to a predetermined level of the concentration of hexavalent chromium in a saturated or unsaturated contaminated area or ground, in which an in-depth treatment of this area or ground is carried out with a predetermined quantity of a gaseous mixture consisting of hydrogen and another inert gas in order to chemically reduce the hexavalent chromium to a state of lower valence, in particular to the state of trivalent chromium.

Abstract: A method of controlling power with which information is transmitted by a first station (4) to a plurality of second stations (6) on a common channel, different information being intended for different stations, said method comprising the step of transmitting said information in said common channel, wherein information intended for different second stations (6) are transmitted at different power levels.

Abstract: A procedure for the on-site reduction to a predetermined level of the concentration of hexavalent chromium in a saturated or unsaturated contaminated area or ground, in which an in-depth treatment of this area or ground is carried out with a predetermined quantity of a gaseous mixture consisting of hydrogen and another inert gas in order to chemically reduce the hexavalent chromium to a state of lower valence, in particular to the state of trivalent chromium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of ciphering data transmission in a radio system, and to a user equipment using the method, and to a radio network subsystem using the method. The method includes the steps of: (602) generating a ciphering key; (604A) producing a ciphering mask in a ciphering algorithm using the ciphering key as an input parameter; (604B) using a logical channel specific parameter or a transport channel specific parameter as an additional input parameter to the ciphering algorithm; and (606) producing ciphered data by applying the ciphering mask to plain data.

Abstract: The present invention describes a novel method, radio access node and system for specifying and interpreting identifiers in a telecommunications system. In the method of the present invention, an RNC identifier extension element extending the RNC identifier is created and one or more radio access network nodes are specified with the RNC identifier and RNC identifier extension element extending the RNC identifier in the first and/or second interface instance. In a preferred embodiment, the RNC identifier and RNC identifier extension element extending the RNC identifier specify a radio network access server and an IP base station in the second interface.

Abstract: A communication system, said system arranged to provide communication coverage over an area, said system comprising a plurality of first means, each of said first means controlling at least one parameter and/or configuration setting with respect to an area smaller than said coverage area and second means for receiving information from a plurality of said plurality of first means and for controlling at least one parameter and/or configuration setting with respect to the area associated with at least one of said plurality of said plurality of first means.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a virtual radio access network access server (RNAS) which is able to operate as an interworking unit between the base stations and other radio access elements as well as core network. Specifically, unlike according to the present scenario of the radio access network in which the functionalities of RNC and BSC have been implemented in the separate elements thus significantly increasing the number of network elements that has to be logically connected to the core network and/or to other radio access networks, the present invention is designed to reduce the amount of said elements.

Abstract: The invention concerns signalling methods in cellular telecommunication systems, especially in so called third generation cellular systems, such as the UMTS system. In the inventive method the network checks, if the mobile station is in or is about to enter into such a state, in which the mobile station needs a c-RNTI, and if that is the case, the c-RNTI is indicated to the mobile station. Preferably, the indication is effected by attaching the c-RNTI identifier to a message, which causes the change of the mobile station to the state, in which the mobile station needs the c-RNTI identifier.

Abstract: A method for processing signals in a communications system comprising a first station and a plurality of second stations, said method comprising the steps of receiving at said plurality of second stations signals from said first station; sending said received signals to a designated one of said plurality of second stations; and processing in said designated second station the signals received by plurality of second stations to provide a single signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and network system for changing a routing path between a first data network and a mobile station attached to a second data network. The said first data network comprises at least one first network node. The second data network comprises at least a second network node and a third network node. The routing path comprises before said change said first network node, said second network node and said third network node, and after said change said first network node, and said third network node. According to the method of the invention the method comprises a step of transferring an information element from said second network node to said third network node, wherein said information element comprises an identification element of said first network node.

Abstract: A mechanism for synchronizing transmission of frames in a telecommunications network including a mobile station, a radio network controller, at least one base station. The mobile station and each base station have a corresponding timing reference. The mechanism includes or performs the steps of establishing a connection-specific timing reference which is common to all nodes involved in the connection; determining, for the base stations an offset between the timing reference of the base station in question and the CFN; and using the offset in the base stations, to compensate for the difference between the timing references.

Abstract: A method for use in a network covering a region, said region comprising a plurality of areas, a user being assigned to at least oen of said area and having associated therewith a plurality of candidate areas to which the user may be assigned, said method comprising the steps of receiving information identifying said plurality of candidate areas; estimating for each candidate area a parameter, said parameter assuming that said user is assigned to said candidate area; and prioritising said plurality of candidate areas which takes into account the estimated value of said parameter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of ciphering data transmission in a radio system, and to a user equipment using the method, and to a radio network subsystem using the method. The method includes the steps of: (602) generating a ciphering key; (604A) producing a ciphering mask in a ciphering algorithm using the ciphering key as an input parameter; (604B) using a logical channel specific parameter or a transport channel specific parameter as an additional input parameter to the ciphering algorithm; and (606) producing ciphered data by applying the ciphering mask to plain data.

Abstract: A frame control method and apparatus is described for controlling a transport frame used for transmitting a data unit via a dedicated channel between network elements of a communication system having different types of connections. The frame type coding of the transport frame is selected in accordance with a connection type of the dedicated channel, such that a connection type specific frame length, dimension and/or segmentation is achieved. This allows an efficient usage of transmission resources, wherein an overhead of control information for the transmission of the data units is achieved.

Abstract: A method of changing connection parameters in a cellular radio system comprising terminals, base stations, and radio network controllers, and where at least one terminal is in a macrodiversity connection wherein at least one diversity branch goes between the serving radio network controller and the terminal through the drift radio network controller and the drift base station, and which further comprises a load control wherein the radio network controller monitors and balances the use of radio resources in the base stations that operate under it, and a call control wherein the serving radio network controller sets and changes the connection parameters of its connections, and being characterized in that it comprises observing that the load control of the drift radio network controller demands a change in the connection parameters of the terminal communicating through the base station that operates under it, and controlling the serving radio network controller to change the connection parameters of said termina