Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for an iterative approach to topic modeling and the use of web mapping technology to implement advanced spatial operators for interactive high-dimensional visualization and inference.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, an apparatus and method are provided comprising: an enclosure defining a cavity within the enclosure, the cavity comprising a depth dimension; at least one LED chip; a layer comprising a blend of an encapsulant material and phosphor composition, the layer overlaying the at least one LED chip and disposed within the cavity; the phosphor composition comprising a yellow-green phosphor and a Mn4+ doped complex fluoride phosphor of formula I, Ax[MFy]:Mn4+ (I) where A is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NR4 or a combination thereof; M is Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Hf, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd, or a combination thereof; R is H, lower alkyl, or a combination thereof; x is the absolute value of the charge of the [Mfy] ion; and y is 5, 6, or 7; wherein the Mn4+ doped complex fluoride phosphor of formula I comprises a d50 particle size of from about 1 micrometers to about 10 micrometers, and the LED lighting apparatus, when activated, emits visible light comprising a correlated color temperature (

Abstract: A process for preparing a population of coated phosphor particles is presented. The process includes combining particles of a phosphor of formula I: Ax [MFy]:Mn4+ with a first solution including a compound of formula II: Ax[MFy] to form a suspension, where A is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or a combination thereof; M is Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Hf, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd, or a combination thereof; x is an absolute value of a charge of the [MFy] ion; and y is 5, 6 or 7. The process further includes combining a second solution including a source A+ ions with the suspension.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining a potassium hexafluorosilicate (PFS)-based powder, obtaining a fluidization material, and mixing the PFS-based powder with the fluidization material to form a PFS-based mixture. The PFS-based mixture is configured to be mixed with a resinous material to form a flowing phosphor blend configured to be placed onto a light source to form a phosphor on the light source.

Abstract: A method includes mixing a first fluoride phosphor powder that is doped with tetravalent manganese with a treatment solution for a designated period of time, stopping the mixing to allow the fluoride phosphor powder to settle, removing at least some liquid that has separated from the first fluoride phosphor powder, repeating (a) the mixing, (b) the stopping of the mixing, and (c) removing at least some of the liquid during one or more additional cycles, and obtaining a second fluoride phosphor powder following the repeating of the mixing, the stopping of the mixing, and the removing of at least some of the liquid. The second fluoride phosphor powder includes a reduced amount of the manganese relative to the first fluoride phosphor powder.

Abstract: A process for preparing a Mn+4 doped phosphor of formula I includes gradually adding a first solution comprising a source of M and HF and a second solution comprising a source of Mn to a reactor, in the presence of a source of A and an anion selected from phosphate, sulfate, acetate, and combinations thereof, to form a product liquor comprising the Mn+4 doped phosphor. The process also includes gradually discharging the product liquor from the reactor while volume of the product liquor in the reactor remains constant. A is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or a combination thereof; M is Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd, or a combination thereof; x is the absolute value of the charge of the [MFy] ion; and y is 5, 6 or 7.

Abstract: A process for preparing a population of coated phosphor particles is presented. The process includes combining particles of a phosphor of formula I: Ax [MFy]:Mn4+ with a first solution including a compound of formula II: Ax[MFy] to form a suspension, where A is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or a combination thereof; M is Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Hf, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd, or a combination thereof; x is an absolute value of a charge of the [MFy] ion; and y is 5, 6 or 7. The process further includes combining a second solution including a source A+ ions with the suspension.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining particles of a phosphor precursor of formula Ax[MFy]:Mn4+, reducing sizes of the particles of the phosphor precursor by wet milling the particles and annealing the particles that are wet milled by contacting the particles with a fluorine-containing oxidizing agent. Additionally, a manganese doped complex fluoride phosphor prepared by this method is provided. A lighting apparatus and backlight device that include manganese-doped phosphor prepared by this method also are provided.

Abstract: A process for preparing a population of coated phosphor particles is presented. The process includes combining particles of a phosphor of formula I: Ax[MFy]:Mn4+ with a first solution including a compound of formula II: Ax[MFy] to form a suspension, where A is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or a combination thereof; M is Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Hf, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd, or a combination thereof; x is an absolute value of a charge of the [MFy] ion; and y is 5, 6 or 7. The process further includes combining a second solution including a source A+ ions with the suspension.

Abstract: A process for preparing a Mn+4 doped phosphor of formula I includes gradually adding a first solution comprising a source of M and HF and a second solution comprising a source of Mn to a reactor, in the presence of a source of A and an anion selected from phosphate, sulfate, acetate, and combinations thereof, to form a product liquor comprising the Mn+4 doped phosphor. The process also includes gradually discharging the product liquor from the reactor while volume of the product liquor in the reactor remains constant. A is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or a combination thereof; M is Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd, or a combination thereof; x is the absolute value of the charge of the [MFy] ion; and y is 5, 6 or 7.

Abstract: Processes for preparing color stable red-emitting phosphors include contacting a complex fluoride phosphor of formula I with a first fluorine-containing oxidizing agent in gaseous form at a first temperature ranging from 200° C. to 700° C. to form a first product phosphor, contacting the first product phosphor in particulate form with a solution of a compound of formula II in aqueous hydrofluoric acid to form a treated phosphor, and contacting the treated phosphor with a second fluorine-containing oxidizing agent in gaseous form at a second temperature <225° C., AxMFy:MN4+??I AxMFy??II wherein A is independently at each occurrence Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs or a combination thereof, M is independently at each occurrence Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Hf, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd, or a combination thereof, x is absolute value of the charge of the MFy ion; and y is 5, 6 or 7.

Abstract: A process for preparing a Mn+4 doped phosphor of formula I Ax[MFy|:Mn+4??I includes gradually adding a first solution to a second solution and periodically discharging the product liquor from the reactor while volume of the product liquor in the reactor remains constant; wherein A is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or a combination thereof; M is Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd, or a combination thereof; x is the absolute value of the charge of the [MFy] ion; and y is 5, 6 or 7. The first solution includes a source of M and HF and the second solution includes a source of Mn to a reactor in the presence of a source of A.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating coated semiconductor elements are presented. The methods include the steps of combining a phosphor of formula I and a polymer binder to form a composite material, providing a semiconductor wafer including IniGajAlkN, wherein 0?i; 0?j; 0?k, and a sum of i, j and k is equal to 1, coating the composite material on a surface of the semiconductor wafer to form a coated semiconductor wafer, and dicing the coated semiconductor wafer using a cutting fluid apparatus to form one or more coated semiconductor elements. A cutting fluid of the cutting fluid apparatus includes a C1-C20 alcohol, a C1-C20 ketone, a C1-C20 acetate compound, acetic acid, oleic acid, carboxylic acid, a source of A, silicic acid, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating coated semiconductor elements are presented. The methods include the steps of combining a phosphor of formula I and a polymer binder to form a composite material, providing a semiconductor wafer including IniGajAlkN, wherein 0?i; 0?j; 0?k, and a sum of i, j and k is equal to 1, coating the composite material on a surface of the semiconductor wafer to form a coated semiconductor wafer, and dicing the coated semiconductor wafer using a cutting fluid apparatus to form one or more coated semiconductor elements. A cutting fluid of the cutting fluid apparatus includes a C1-C20 alcohol, a C1-C20 ketone, a C1-C20 acetate compound, acetic acid, oleic acid, carboxylic acid, a source of A, silicic acid, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus that includes a light source and a phosphor composition radiationally coupled to the light source is presented. The phosphor composition includes a first phosphor that includes a phase of general formula (I): L3ZO4(Br2-nXn):Eu2+ wherein 0?n?1; L is Zn, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or combinations thereof; Z is Si, Ge, or a combination thereof; and X is F, Cl, I, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Processes for preparing color stable Mn4+ doped phosphors include contacting a phosphor of formula I with a fluorine-containing oxidizing agent in gaseous form at temperature ?225° C. to form the color stable Mn4+ doped phosphor A x ? MF y ? : ? Mn 4 + I wherein A is independently at each occurrence Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or a combination thereof; M is independently at each occurrence Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Hf, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd, or a combination thereof; x is the absolute value of the charge of the MFy ion; and y is 5, 6 or 7. In another aspect, the processes include contacting a phosphor of formula I at an elevated temperature with an oxidizing agent comprising a C1-C4 fluorocarbon, to form the color stable Mn4+ doped phosphor.

Abstract: Processes for preparing color stable red-emitting phosphors include contacting a complex fluoride phosphor of formula I, AxMFy:Mn4+?? I with a first fluorine-containing oxidizing agent in gaseous form at a first temperature ranging from about 200° C. to about 700° C., to form a first product phosphor; contacting the first product phosphor in particulate form with a solution of a compound of formula II in aqueous hydrofluoric acid, AxMFy?? II to form a treated phosphor; and contacting the treated phosphor with a second fluorine-containing oxidizing agent in gaseous form at a second temperature of less than 225° C.; wherein A is independently at each occurrence Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or a combination thereof; M is independently at each occurrence Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Hf, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd, or a combination thereof; x is the absolute value of the charge of the MFy ion; and y is 5, 6 or 7.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining a potassium hexafluorosilicate (PFS)-based powder, obtaining a fluidization material, and mixing the PFS-based powder with the fluidization material to form a PFS-based mixture. The PFS-based mixture is configured to be mixed with a resinous material to form a flowing phosphor blend configured to be placed onto a light source to form a phosphor on the light source.

Abstract: A method includes mixing a first fluoride phosphor powder that is doped with tetravalent manganese with a treatment solution for a designated period of time, stopping the mixing to allow the fluoride phosphor powder to settle, removing at least some liquid that has separated from the first fluoride phosphor powder, repeating (a) the mixing, (b) the stopping of the mixing, and (c) removing at least some of the liquid during one or more additional cycles, and obtaining a second fluoride phosphor powder following the repeating of the mixing, the stopping of the mixing, and the removing of at least some of the liquid. The second fluoride phosphor powder includes a reduced amount of the manganese relative to the first fluoride phosphor powder.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for an iterative approach to topic modeling and the use of web mapping technology to implement advanced spatial operators for interactive high-dimensional visualization and inference.