Patents by Inventor Faraz Najafi
Faraz Najafi has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 11271125Abstract: A device includes a first semiconductor layer; a portion of a second semiconductor layer disposed on the first semiconductor layer; and a third semiconductor layer including a first region disposed on the portion of the second semiconductor layer and a second region disposed on the first semiconductor layer. A thickness of the first region is less than a predefined thickness. The device also includes an etch stop layer disposed on the third semiconductor layer; a plurality of distinct portions of a fourth semiconductor layer disposed on the etch stop layer and exposing one or more distinct portions of the etch stop layer over the portion of the second semiconductor layer; and a plurality of distinct portions of a superconducting layer disposed on the plurality of distinct portions of the fourth semiconductor layer and the exposed one or more distinct portions of the etch stop layer.Type: GrantFiled: April 14, 2020Date of Patent: March 8, 2022Assignee: PSIQUANTUM CORP.Inventors: Faraz Najafi, Mark Thompson, Damien Bonneau, Joaquin Matres Abril
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Publication number: 20220059160Abstract: An electronic device (e.g., a superconducting memory cell) includes a substrate and a layer of superconducting material disposed over the substrate. The layer of superconducting material is patterned to form a plurality of distinct instances of the layer of superconducting material including: a first wire; and a loop that is (i) distinct and separate from the first wire and (ii) capacitively coupled to the first wire while the loop and the first wire are in a superconducting state. The loop is configured to form a persistent current via the capacitive coupling in response to a write current applied to the first wire while the loop and the first wire are in the superconducting state. The persistent current represents a logic state of the electronic device.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 19, 2021Publication date: February 24, 2022Inventor: Faraz Najafi
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Publication number: 20220014203Abstract: An electric circuit includes a plurality of superconducting components, each of the plurality of superconducting components having: a respective first terminal; a respective second terminal; and a respective input. The electric circuit further includes a bias current source electrically-connected to the respective first terminal of each of the plurality of superconducting components. The bias current source is configured to provide a bias current adapted to cause the electric circuit to function as a logical OR gate on the respective inputs of the plurality of superconducting components. The electric circuit further includes an output node adapted to output a state of the logical OR gate.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 27, 2021Publication date: January 13, 2022Inventor: Faraz Najafi
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Publication number: 20210408357Abstract: A transistor includes (i) a first wire including a semiconducting component configured to operate in an on state at temperatures above a semiconducting threshold temperature and (ii) a second wire including a superconducting component configured to operate in a superconducting state while: a temperature of the superconducting component is below a superconducting threshold temperature and a first input current supplied to the superconducting component is below a current threshold. The semiconducting component is located adjacent to the superconducting component. In response to a first input voltage, the semiconducting component is configured to generate an electromagnetic field sufficient to lower the current threshold such that the first input current exceeds the lowered current threshold.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 8, 2021Publication date: December 30, 2021Inventor: Faraz Najafi
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Publication number: 20210408356Abstract: An electronic device (e.g., a diode) is provided that includes a substrate and a patterned layer of superconducting material disposed over the substrate. The patterned layer forms a first electrode, a second electrode, and a loop coupling the first electrode with the second electrode by a first channel and a second channel. The first channel and the second channel have different minimum widths. For a range of current magnitudes, when a magnetic field is applied to the patterned layer of superconducting material, the conductance from the first electrode to the second electrode is greater than the conductance from the second electrode to the first electrode.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 7, 2020Publication date: December 30, 2021Inventors: Faraz Najafi, Syrus Ziai
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Publication number: 20210384878Abstract: A system includes a plurality of superconducting wires connected in parallel with one another. The plurality of superconducting wires includes a first superconducting wire and a second superconducting wire. The plurality of superconducting wires are configured to, while receiving a bias current provided to the parallel combination of the plurality of superconducting wires, operate in a superconducting state in the absence of a trigger current. The first superconducting wire is configured to, while receiving the bias current, transition to a non-superconducting state in response to receiving the trigger current. The second superconducting wire is configured to, while receiving the bias current, transition to a non-superconducting state in response to the first superconducting wire transitioning to the non-superconducting state.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 15, 2021Publication date: December 9, 2021Inventors: Faraz Najafi, Syrus Ziai, Qiaodan Jin Stone
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Publication number: 20210384126Abstract: A superconducting circuit includes a first component having a first connection point. The first connection point has a first width. The superconducting circuit includes a second component having a second connection point. The second connection point has a second width that is larger than the first width. The superconducting circuit includes a superconducting connector shaped to reduce current crowding. The superconducting connector electrically connects the first connection point and the second connection point. The superconducting connector includes a first taper positioned adjacent the first connection point and having a non-linear shape and a second taper positioned adjacent the second connection point.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 20, 2021Publication date: December 9, 2021Inventors: Faraz Najafi, Vitor Riseti Manfrinato
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Publication number: 20210351778Abstract: A programmable circuit includes a superconducting component arranged in a multi-dimensional array of alternating narrow and wide portions. The programmable circuit further includes a plurality of heat sources, each heat source configured to selectively provide heat to a respective narrow portion sufficient to transition the respective narrow portion from a superconducting state to a non-superconducting state. The programmable circuit further includes a plurality of electrical terminals, each electrical terminal coupled to a respective wide portion of the multi-dimensional array.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 28, 2020Publication date: November 11, 2021Inventors: Faraz Najafi, Qiaodan Jin Stone
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Publication number: 20210328591Abstract: The various embodiments described herein include methods, devices, and systems for operating superconducting circuitry. In one aspect, a superconducting component includes: (1) a superconductor having a plurality of alternating narrow and wide portions, each wide portion having a corresponding terminal; and (2) a plurality of heat sources, each heat source thermally coupled to a corresponding narrow portion such that heat from the heat source is transmitted to the corresponding narrow portion; where the plurality of heat sources is electrically isolated from the superconductor.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 5, 2021Publication date: October 21, 2021Inventors: Faraz NAJAFI, Qiaodan JIN STONE
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Patent number: 11133805Abstract: A device includes a plurality of superconducting components, each having a first terminal and a second terminal; a plurality of current sources, being electrically-connected to the first terminal of a corresponding superconducting component and configured to selectively provide a first current; and a bias current source electrically-connected to the respective first terminal of each of the plurality of superconducting components. The bias current source is configured to provide a second current adapted to bias the superconducting components such that (1) a combination of the second current and the first current from each current source causes the plurality of superconducting components to transition from the superconducting state to the non-superconducting state, and (2) a combination of the second current and the first current from each current source of only a subset of the plurality of current sources does not cause the plurality of superconducting components to transition to the non-superconducting state.Type: GrantFiled: April 3, 2020Date of Patent: September 28, 2021Assignee: PSIQUANTUM CORP.Inventor: Faraz Najafi
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Patent number: 11108172Abstract: The various embodiments described herein include methods, devices, and systems for fabricating and operating superconducting circuits. In one aspect, an electric circuit includes: (1) a first superconducting component having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a constriction region between the first terminal and the second terminal; (2) a second superconducting component having a third terminal and a fourth terminal; and (3) a first electrically-insulating component that thermally couples the first superconducting component and the second superconducting component such that heat produced at the constriction region is transferred through the first component to the second superconducting component.Type: GrantFiled: October 25, 2019Date of Patent: August 31, 2021Assignee: PSIQUANTUM CORP.Inventors: Faraz Najafi, Qiaodan Jin Stone
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Patent number: 11099211Abstract: The various embodiments described herein include methods for testing low temperature components. In some embodiments, a cryogenic testing system includes: (1) a cryostat chamber configured to maintain a sample at temperatures below a threshold temperature, where the sample includes a two-dimensional array of components to be tested, the two-dimensional array comprising a first number (n) of columns and a second number (m) of rows; (2) a probe card including: (a) a set of n column connectors configured to couple to respective columns of the two-dimensional array; and (b) a set of m row connectors configured to couple to respective rows of the two-dimensional array; and (3) a cryogenic connector for communicatively coupling the probe card to a processing unit outside of the cryostat chamber.Type: GrantFiled: October 21, 2019Date of Patent: August 24, 2021Assignee: PSIQUANTUM CORP.Inventors: Faraz Najafi, Andrea Bahgat Shehata, Stephanie Meng-Yan Teo
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Patent number: 11101215Abstract: The various embodiments described herein include methods, devices, and circuits for reducing or minimizing current crowding effects in manufactured superconductors. In some embodiments, a superconducting circuit includes: (1) a first component having a first connection point, the first connection point having a first width; (2) a second component having a second connection point, the second connection point having a second width that is larger than the first width; and (3) a connector electrically connecting the first connection point and the second connection point, the connector including: (a) a first taper having a first slope and a non-linear shape; (b) a second taper having a second slope; and (c) a connecting portion connecting the first taper to the second taper, the connecting portion having a third slope that is less than the first slope and less than the second slope.Type: GrantFiled: September 18, 2019Date of Patent: August 24, 2021Assignee: PSIQUANTUM CORP.Inventors: Faraz Najafi, Vitor Riseti Manfrinato
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Publication number: 20210249583Abstract: The various embodiments described herein include methods, devices, and systems for operating superconducting circuits. In one aspect, an electric circuit includes: (1) a superconductor component having a first terminal at a first end and a second terminal at a second end; (2) a gate component thermally-coupled to the superconductor component at a first location between the first terminal and the second terminal, where the gate component is thermally-coupled via a first section of the gate component; and where the gate component has a smallest width at the first section so as to focus resistive heating toward the superconductor component.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 26, 2021Publication date: August 12, 2021Inventors: Faraz Najafi, Qiaodan Jin Stone, Adam Nykoruk McCaughan
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Publication number: 20210242651Abstract: An optical device includes a substrate, a dielectric layer on the substrate, a waveguide within the dielectric layer, a light sensitive component (e.g., a photodetector) in the dielectric layer and coupled to the waveguide, and a plurality of light isolation structures in at least one of the substrate or the dielectric layer and configured to prevent stray light from reaching the light sensitive component. In some embodiments, a light isolation structure in the plurality of light isolation structures includes two opposing sidewalls and a filling material between the two opposing sidewalls. The two opposing sidewalls include an optical isolation layer. The filling material is characterized by a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) matching a CTE of at least one of the substrate or the dielectric layer.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 23, 2021Publication date: August 5, 2021Applicant: Psiquantum, Corp.Inventors: Eric Dudley, Yong Liang, Faraz Najafi, Vimal Kamineni, Ann Melnichuk
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Publication number: 20210239518Abstract: A superconductor device is manufactured by depositing a barrier layer over a substrate including silicon, the barrier layer including silicon and nitrogen; depositing a seed layer for a superconductor layer over the barrier layer, the seed layer including aluminum and nitrogen; depositing the superconductor layer over the seed layer, the superconductor layer including a layer of a superconductor material, the barrier layer serving as an oxidation barrier between the layer superconductor material and the substrate; and depositing a silicon cap layer over the superconductor layer. In some embodiments, the superconductor device includes a waveguide and a metal contact at a sufficient distance from the waveguide to prevent optical coupling between the metal contact and the waveguide.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 15, 2021Publication date: August 5, 2021Inventors: Chia-Jung Chung, Faraz Najafi, George Kovall, Vitor R. Manfrinato, Vimal Kamineni, Mark Thompson, Syrus Ziai
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Publication number: 20210190584Abstract: The various embodiments described herein include methods, devices, and systems for fabricating and operating superconducting photon detectors. In one aspect, a photon detector includes: (1) a first waveguide configured to guide photons from a photon source; (2) a second waveguide that is distinct and separate from the first waveguide and optically-coupled to the first waveguide; and (3) a superconducting component positioned adjacent to the second waveguide and configured to detect photons within the second waveguide.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 4, 2020Publication date: June 24, 2021Inventors: Mark Thompson, Faraz Najafi
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Publication number: 20210183767Abstract: The various embodiments described herein include methods, devices, and circuits for reducing or minimizing current crowding effects in manufactured superconductors. In some embodiments, a superconducting circuit includes: (1) a first component having a first connection point, the first connection point having a first width; (2) a second component having a second connection point, the second connection point having a second width that is larger than the first width; and (3) a connector electrically connecting the first connection point and the second connection point, the connector including: (a) a first taper having a first slope and a non-linear shape; (b) a second taper having a second slope; and (c) a connecting portion connecting the first taper to the second taper, the connecting portion having a third slope that is less than the first slope and less than the second slope.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 18, 2019Publication date: June 17, 2021Inventors: Faraz Najafi, Vitor Riseti Manfrinato
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Patent number: 11029203Abstract: An electronic device includes a first superconducting wire (with a first end and a second end) having a first threshold superconducting current. The device includes a second superconducting wire (with a first end and a second end) having a second threshold superconducting current that is less than the first threshold superconducting current. The second end of the first superconducting wire and the second end of the second superconducting wire are coupled to a common voltage node. A resistor is coupled between the first superconducting wire and the second superconducting wire, with a first end of the resistor coupled to the first end of the first superconducting wire and a second end of the resistor coupled to the first end of the second superconducting wire. The device includes a current source coupled with the first superconducting wire, and coupled with a combination of the resistor and the second superconducting wire.Type: GrantFiled: August 19, 2019Date of Patent: June 8, 2021Assignee: PSIQUANTUM CORP.Inventors: Faraz Najafi, Syrus Ziai
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Publication number: 20210152179Abstract: The various embodiments described herein include methods, devices, and systems for operating superconducting circuitry. In one aspect, a programmable circuit includes: (1) a superconducting component arranged in a multi-dimensional array of alternating narrow and wide portions, the superconducting component having an input terminal at a first end and an output terminal at a second end opposite of the first end; and (2) control circuitry coupled to the narrow portions of the superconducting component, the control circuitry configured to transition the narrow portions between superconducting and non-superconducting states. In some implementations, the superconducting component and the control circuitry are formed on different layers of the programmable circuit.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 27, 2021Publication date: May 20, 2021Inventor: Faraz Najafi