Abstract: This invention is a functionalized diamond crystal with high dispersibility in high ionic strength solution and/or with specific targeting ability, which comprise a diamond crystal and a fatty acid layer. The fatty acid layer works a surfactant and provides a specific targeting feature for the diamond crystal. The feature of the surfactant makes the diamond crystal being easily dispersed in biological surrounding (e.g., phosphate saline buffer) and the feature of specific targeting ability provides the diamond crystal with specific recognizing specific targets. This invention allows researchers to use diamond crystal as a marker for specific labelling.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing copolymer includes mixing and reacting a polyester, an aliphatic polyol or an aliphatic polyol oligomer, and a first catalyst in a first region of a screw to form a polyester polyol, and side-feeding a lactone or a lactam to a second region of the screw to copolymerize the lactone or a lactam and the polyester polyol to form a copolymer, wherein the first region and the second region are continuous connecting regions.

Abstract: This invention is a functionalized diamond crystal with high dispersibility in high ionic strength solution and/or with specific targeting ability, which comprise a diamond crystal and a fatty acid layer. The fatty acid layer works a surfactant and provides a specific targeting feature for the diamond crystal. The feature of the surfactant makes the diamond crystal being easily dispersed in biological surrounding (e.g., phosphate saline buffer) and the feature of specific targeting ability provides the diamond crystal with specific recognizing specific targets. This invention allows researchers to use diamond crystal as a marker for specific labelling.