Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods of printing indicia on a substrate using a tip array comprised of elastomeric, compressible polymers. The tip array can be prepared using conventional photolithographic methods and can be tailored to have any desired number and/or arrangement of tips. Numerous copies (e.g., greater than 15,000, or greater than 11 million) of a pattern can be made in a parallel fashion in as little as 40 minutes.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods of printing indicia on a substrate using a tip array comprised of elastomeric, compressible polymers. The tip array can be prepared using conventional photolithographic methods and can be tailored to have any desired number and/or arrangement of tips. Numerous copies (e.g., greater than 15,000, or greater than 11 million) of a pattern can be made in a parallel fashion in as little as 40 minutes.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods of printing indicia on a substrate using a tip array comprised of elastomeric, compressible polymers. The tip array can be prepared using conventional photolithographic methods and can be tailored to have any desired number and/or arrangement of tips. Numerous copies (e.g., greater than 15,000, or greater than 11 million) of a pattern can be made in a parallel fashion in as little as 40 minutes.

Abstract: An apparatus for investigating a sample surface is disclosed. The apparatus comprises: a probe array comprising a substrate and a plurality of probe tips extending from the substrate, the probe tips comprising a transparent and deformable material and configured to contact the sample surface; an actuator configured to move the probe array towards the sample surface; a light source configured to illuminate the probe tips with an illumination through the substrate; and an image capture device arranged to detect a change in intensity of the illumination reflected from the probe tips.

Abstract: An apparatus for investigating a sample surface is disclosed. The apparatus comprises: a probe array comprising a substrate and a plurality of probe tips extending from the substrate, the probe tips comprising a transparent and deformable material and configured to contact the sample surface; an actuator configured to move the probe array towards the sample surface; a light source configured to illuminate the probe tips with an illumination through the substrate; and an image capture device arranged to detect a change in intensity of the illumination reflected from the probe tips.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods of printing indicia on a substrate using a tip array comprised of elastomeric, compressible polymers. The tip array can be prepared using conventional photolithographic methods and can be tailored to have any desired number and/or arrangement of tips. Numerous copies (e.g., greater than 15,000, or greater than 11 million) of a pattern can be made in a parallel fashion in as little as 40 minutes.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods of printing indicia on a substrate using a tip array comprised of elastomeric, compressible polymers. The tip array can be prepared using conventional photolithographic methods and can be tailored to have any desired number and/or arrangement of tips. Numerous copies (e.g., greater than 15,000, or greater than 11 million) of a pattern can be made in a parallel fashion in as little as 40 minutes.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods of beam pen lithography using a tip array having a plurality of transparent, elastomeric, reversibly-deformable tips coated with a blocking layer and apertures defined in the blocking layer to expose tip ends of the tips in the array. The tip array can be used to perform a photolithography process in which the tips are illuminated with a radiation that is channeled through the tips and out the apertures to expose a photosensitive substrate. Also disclosed are tip arrays formed of polymers and gels, apparatus including the tip arrays and radiation sources, and related apparatus for selectively masking tips in the tip array from radiation emitted from the radiation source.

Abstract: Composite particles and methods of synthesizing a composite particle are disclosed, in particular, methods of synthesizing a composite particle comprising a dielectric component, a magnetic component, and a gold shell are disclosed. Further disclosed herein are methods of detecting a target compound using the composite particles of the present invention. Also disclosed are photonic crystals that can be manipulated with an external magnetic field comprising the composite particles of the present invention.

Abstract: Provided is a direct write patterning method utilizing a mixture comprising an ink of choice and an ink carrier matrix. The method involves disposing the mixture on a tip or stamp and transporting the mixture from the tip or stamp on a surface to form a pattern that contains the ink. The method does not require chemical or physical modification of either the tip or stamp or the surface prior to transporting the mixture to the surface. The method can be applied for patterning hard inks such as nanomaterials and crystallized polymers and soft inks such as biomaterials including peptides and proteins. Also provided are related biomaterial and hard ink arrays.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods of printing indicia on a substrate using a tip array comprised of elastomeric, compressible gel polymers. The tip array can be prepared using conventional photolithographic methods and can be tailored to have any desired number and/or arrangement of tips. Numerous copies (e.g., greater than 15,000, or greater than 11 million) of a pattern can be made in a parallel fashion in as little as 40 minutes.

Abstract: Methods of patterning multiple biomolecules on a surface are disclosed. The method includes inking a polymer pen array, where tips are inked with selected inks comprising the biomolecules, and transferring the biomolecules to a surface using a polymer pen lithography technique. Methods of using the multiple patterned biomolecules on a surface are also disclosed.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods of beam pen lithography using a tip array having a plurality of transparent, elastomeric, reversibly-deformable tips coated with a blocking layer and apertures defined in the blocking layer to expose tip ends of the tips in the array. The tip array can be used to perform a photolithography process in which the tips are illuminated with a radiation that is channeled through the tips and out the apertures to expose a photosensitive substrate. Also disclosed are tip arrays formed of polymers and gels, apparatus including the tip arrays and radiation sources, and related apparatus for selectively masking tips in the tip array from radiation emitted from the radiation source.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure, a method for forming submicron size nanostructures on a substrate surface includes contacting a substrate with a tip coated with an ink comprising a block copolymer matrix and a nanostructure precursor to form a printed feature comprising the block copolymer matrix and the nanostructure precursor on the substrate, and reducing the nanostructure precursor of the printed feature to form a nanostructure having a diameter (or line width) of less than 1 ?m.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods of printing indicia on a substrate using a tip array comprised of elastomeric, compressible polymers. The tip array can be prepared using conventional photolithographic methods and can be tailored to have any desired number and/or arrangement of tips. Numerous copies (e.g., greater than 15,000, or greater than 11 million) of a pattern can be made in a parallel fashion in as little as 40 minutes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are asymmetrically functionalized nanoparticles. Further disclosed herein are methods of preparing asymmetrically functionalized nanoparticles. Asymmetrically functionalized nanoparticles can be used in various therapeutic methods.