Abstract: A phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) transmission method and apparatus are provided, to improve demodulation performance. The method includes: determining a first PTRS pattern; and transmitting a PTRS based on the first PTRS pattern, where the first PTRS pattern belongs to a first PTRS pattern set, the first PTRS pattern set includes a plurality of PTRS patterns, and none of all PTRS groups in each PTRS pattern in an OFDM symbol is located at a tail of the OFDM symbol; and the PTRS pattern includes a plurality of PTRS groups, and each PTRS group includes a plurality of consecutive PTRS sampling points.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus. The communication method includes: receiving measurement configuration information from a network device, where the measurement configuration information is used to configure a channel measurement resource and M interference measurement resources, and M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; and sending a bitmap to the network device, where the bitmap includes one or more bits, each bit corresponds to one or more interference measurement resources and has a value indicating interference of the one or more interference measurement resources to the channel measurement resource, and the M interference measurement resources include the one or more interference measurement resources.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a data transmission method and apparatus in an optoelectronic hybrid network. The method is: receiving an RDMA transmission request, and determining an RDMA transmission type and a to-be-transmitted data volume for data transmission according to the RDMA transmission request; determining a preset encapsulation format corresponding to the RDMA transmission type for data transmission and the to-be-transmitted data volume for data transmission; receiving to-be-transmitted data and encapsulating the to-be-transmitted data into a to-be-transmitted data packet of the determined preset encapsulation format; selecting a switching link for data transmission from an optical switching link and an electrical switching link according to a size of the to-be-transmitted data packet; and sending the to-be-transmitted data packet to a peer end based on the selected switching link for data transmission.

Abstract: A method executed by a control device in a software defined network where, according to the method, after establishing a control channel with a switching device, the control device obtains an identifier of the control channel. Then, the control device generates a flow entry, where the flow entry includes a match field and the identifier of the control channel. Further, the control device sends the flow entry to the switching device, where the flow entry is used to instruct the switching device to send, to the control device using the control channel represented by the identifier of the control channel, a data packet that matches the match field. Hence, classification of a new flow is completed on a switching device side.

Abstract: A data transmission method in software-defined networking (SDN) environment using transmission control protocol (TCP). An application server sends a transmission resource allocation request to a controller. The request carries an address of a sending device and an address of a receiving device. The controller determines a first transmission path and a second transmission path between the sending device and the receiving device according to the request. The first transmission path is used by the sending device to transmit data to the receiving device, and the second transmission path is used by the receiving device to transmit an acknowledgment to the sending device. The controller sends a transmission resource allocation response to the application server. The application server determines, according to the response, an initial value of a transmit window for transmitting data. The sending device transmits the data to the receiving device according to the transmit window.

Abstract: A method executed by a control device in a software defined network where, according to the method, after establishing a control channel with a switching device, the control device obtains an identifier of the control channel. Then, the control device generates a flow entry, where the flow entry includes a match field and the identifier of the control channel. Further, the control device sends the flow entry to the switching device, where the flow entry is used to instruct the switching device to send, to the control device using the control channel represented by the identifier of the control channel, a data packet that matches the match field. Hence, classification of a new flow is completed on a switching device side.

Abstract: A method executed by a control device in a software defined network is disclosed. According to the method, after establishing a control channel with a switching device, the control device obtains an identifier of the control channel. Then, the control device generates a flow entry, where the flow entry includes a match field and the identifier of the control channel. Further, the control device sends the flow entry to the switching device, where the flow entry is used to instruct the switching device to send, to the control device using the control channel represented by the identifier of the control channel, a data packet that matches the match field. Hence, classification of a new flow is completed on a switching device side.

Abstract: A data packet forwarding solution, which relates to the field of network transmission. A virtual switch in the solution saves a flow entry as an aging flow entry deleted from a flow table in a switch, and receives a reporting data packet generated according to a forwarding data packet when the forwarding data packet fails to match each flow entry in the flow table in the switch and a secure channel between the switch and the controller is faulty, delivers an aging flow entry matching the reporting data packet from an aging flow table to the switch, where the aging flow table includes one or more flow entries that are deleted as aging flow entries from a flow table in the switch.

Abstract: Embodiments herein disclose a debugging framework that employs a mode in the processor (for example, a processor using x86 architecture), to transparently study armored malware. Embodiments herein perform stealthy debugging by leveraging System Management Mode (SMM) to transparently debug software on bare-metal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a data transmission method and apparatus in an optoelectronic hybrid network. The method is: receiving an RDMA transmission request, and determining an RDMA transmission type and a to-be-transmitted data volume for data transmission according to the RDMA transmission request; determining a preset encapsulation format corresponding to the RDMA transmission type for data transmission and the to-be-transmitted data volume for data transmission; receiving to-be-transmitted data and encapsulating the to-be-transmitted data into a to-be-transmitted data packet of the determined preset encapsulation format; selecting a switching link for data transmission from an optical switching link and an electrical switching link according to a size of the to-be-transmitted data packet; and sending the to-be-transmitted data packet to a peer end based on the selected switching link for data transmission.

Abstract: A data transmission method in software-defined networking (SDN) environment using transmission control protocol (TCP). An application server sends a transmission resource allocation request to a controller. The request carries an address of a sending device and an address of a receiving device. The controller determines a first transmission path and a second transmission path between the sending device and the receiving device according to the request. The first transmission path is used by the sending device to transmit data to the receiving device, and the second transmission path is used by the receiving device to transmit an acknowledgment to the sending device. The controller sends a transmission resource allocation response to the application server. The application server determines, according to the response, an initial value of a transmit window for transmitting data. The sending device transmits the data to the receiving device according to the transmit window.

Abstract: Determining of still/movement may be performed with reference to quantization noise of a first section to which a first pixel belongs, and for different results of determining of whether the first pixel is in a movement area or a still area, different frame difference thresholds applicable to the movement area and the still area are separately set, and different frame difference calculation manners are used, different blending coefficients applicable to the movement area and the still area are selected according to the different frame difference thresholds applicable to the movement area and the still area and the frame difference calculation manners, and a noise reduction blending manner is selected according to the different blending coefficients applicable to the movement area and the still area, the frame difference calculation manners, and a pixel value of the first pixel in a current frame.

Abstract: A method executed by a control device in a software defined network is disclosed. According to the method, after establishing a control channel with a switching device, the control device obtains an identifier of the control channel. Then, the control device generates a flow entry, where the flow entry includes a match field and the identifier of the control channel. Further, the control device sends the flow entry to the switching device, where the flow entry is used to instruct the switching device to send, to the control device using the control channel represented by the identifier of the control channel, a data packet that matches the match field. Hence, classification of a new flow is completed on a switching device side.

Abstract: Embodiments herein disclose a debugging framework that employs a mode in the processor (for example, a processor using x86 architecture), to transparently study armored malware. Embodiments herein perform stealthy debugging by leveraging System Management Mode (SMM) to transparently debug software on bare-metal.

Abstract: A data packet forwarding solution, which relates to the field of network transmission. A virtual switch in the solution saves a flow entry as an aging flow entry deleted from a flow table in a switch, and receives a reporting data packet generated according to a forwarding data packet when the forwarding data packet fails to match each flow entry in the flow table in the switch and a secure channel between the switch and the controller is faulty, delivers an aging flow entry matching the reporting data packet from an aging flow table to the switch, where the aging flow table includes one or more flow entries that are deleted as aging flow entries from a flow table in the switch.

Abstract: A video processing method and apparatus, which relate to the field of multimedia, and the method includes acquiring, by an video processing apparatus, two field images of an interlaced frame image in an interlaced video; performing temporal deinterlacing on either field image in the two field images to obtain a temporal virtual field image, and performing spatial deinterlacing on the either field image to obtain a spatial virtual field image; performing directional combing detection on the temporal virtual field image along a preset candidate combing detection direction with reference to the other field image in the interlaced frame image, to determine whether combing exists in the temporal virtual field image; and according to this, selecting the temporal virtual field image or the spatial virtual field image to be fused with the other field image to generate a new image.

Abstract: Determining of still/movement may be performed with reference to quantization noise of a first section to which a first pixel belongs, and for different results of determining of whether the first pixel is in a movement area or a still area, different frame difference thresholds applicable to the movement area and the still area are separately set, and different frame difference calculation manners are used, different blending coefficients applicable to the movement area and the still area are selected according to the different frame difference thresholds applicable to the movement area and the still area and the frame difference calculation manners, and a noise reduction blending manner is selected according to the different blending coefficients applicable to the movement area and the still area, the frame difference calculation manners, and a pixel value of the first pixel in a current frame.

Abstract: A video processing method and apparatus, which relate to the field of multimedia, and the method includes acquiring, by an video processing apparatus, two field images of an interlaced frame image in an interlaced video; performing temporal deinterlacing on either field image in the two field images to obtain a temporal virtual field image, and performing spatial deinterlacing on the either field image to obtain a spatial virtual field image; performing directional combing detection on the temporal virtual field image along a preset candidate combing detection direction with reference to the other field image in the interlaced frame image, to determine whether combing exists in the temporal virtual field image; and according to this, selecting the temporal virtual field image or the spatial virtual field image to be fused with the other field image to generate a new image.