Abstract: A process for the production of maleic anhydride by catalytic air oxidation of hydrocarbons capable of being so oxidized at a temperature in the range of 300.degree.-450.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of five-membered ring dicarboxylic acid anhydrides from aqueous solutions of the corresponding dicarboxylic acids which entails (a) washing the aqueous solution of the dicarboxylic acid with a water-insoluble tertiary amine, and separating the resulting amine-acid salt from the water layer; and (b) adding an aromatic hydrocarbon entrainer for the water, removing the entrainer/water azeotrope by distillation and separating the five-membered ring dicarboxylic acid anhydride after phase separation; or adding an aliphatic hydrocarbon entrainer for the water, removing a ternary azeotropic mixture consisting of a hydrolytically stable anhydride, water and entrainer by distillation and separating the five-membered ring dicarboxylic acid anhydride after phase separation.

Abstract: A process for preparing sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen chloride by reacting an aqueous sodium chloride solution with carbon dioxide under pressure in the presence of an amine and of an organic solvent.1. Carbon dioxide is introduced under a pressure of5-80 bars into a mixture essentially containing1.1 an aqueous sodium chloride solution,1.2 a tertiary amine,1.3 a non-polar, organic solvent, and1.4 a polar, organic solvent having a boiling point above 140.degree. C.,2. the aqueous and organic phases obtained are separated under the same pressure as step 1,3. the aqueous phase is rid of the precipitated sodium bicarbonate and following reconcentration with sodium chloride is fed back into process stage 1 (carbonization),4. the organic phase(s) containing the polar and non-polar organic solvents is (are) heated and the hydrogen chloride released is evacuated, and5. the tertiary amine, polar and non-polar organic solvents from step 4 are recirculated to step 1.

Abstract: Gaseous hydrogen chloride is extracted from dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid using amines, by:(a) extracting the aqueous hydrochloric acid with an amine or with a mixture of an amine and an inert, water-immiscible solvent having a boiling point of at least 120.degree. C., tertiary alkylamines being used containing 14 to 36 carbon atoms in the nitrogen-bound side chains, the side chains having at most one nitrogen-bound methyl group and at least one nitrogen-bound aliphatic group containing at least 6 carbon atoms, where the amine acid constant is less than 10.sup.-3 ;(b) adding an inert, water-immiscible solvent having a boiling point of at least 120.degree. C.

Abstract: An improvement in the process for obtaining gaseous hydrogen chloride by extracting dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid with amines wherein:(a) the aqueous hydrochloric acid is extracted with an amine or a mixture of an amine and an inert, water-immiscible solvent boiling at not less than 120.degree. C., using tertiary alkylamines which contain 14 to 36 carbon atoms in the nitrogen-bonded side chains, which side chains include at most one nitrogen-bonded methyl group and at least one nitrogen-bonded aliphatic radical containing at least 6 carbon atoms, the acid constant K.sub.a of the amine being less than 10.sup.-3 ;(b) an inert, water-immiscible solvent boiling at not less than 120.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of purifying tertiary amines by removing sec. and prim. amines and/or their hydrochlorides produced in the manufacture of the tertiary amines. The impurities are removed by dissolving the impure tertiary amines in an organic solvent and the resulting solution is passed over absorbents such as aluminum oxides having a specific surface area of about 100 to 400 square meters per gram. The sec. and prim. amines and/or their hydrochlorides are retained on the adsorbents and pure tertiary amines are useful in the solvents or can be separated therefrom. The adsorbents are regenerated by passing polar solvents thereover to remove the sec. and prim. amines and/or their hydrochlorides.

Abstract: The mercerizing of cellulose fibers is improved by using an aqueous alkaline bath composition having as a wetting agent alkali salts of alkene sulfonic acids having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and single or double branched structures in a concentration of about 1 to 5 grams per liter of bath composition.

Abstract: Foam-controlled washing and cleaning and dishwashing composition, containing conventional detergents and additives, which are improved by the addition of about 20 - 70 percent by weight based on the total surfactant material of vicinal alkane diol mono and/or diesters of the formula ##EQU1## where R is hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or phenyl; R' is hydrogen or ##EQU2## n is zero or an integer from 1 to 28, m is zero or an integer from 1 to 28 and where n+m are integers from 10 to 30.