Abstract: Process for the detection in an atmosphere to be monitored of a chemical substance of known mass M using an apparatus for the ionization of said atmosphere and for the dissociation, filtration and detection of the ions formed having in a vacuum enclosure and in said order on the path of the ions:an ion source (1),a dissociation case (3) raised to earth potential,an electrostatic analyzer (4),a detector (5) of ions having passed through the aforementioned apparatus and characterized in that:the voltage V.sub.0 for extracting ions from the ion source (1) is fixed at a constant value;the filtration energy level W of the electrostatic analyzer (4) is varied so as to optionally detect in the detector (5) the dissociation ion fragments m.sub.1, . . . m.sub.k of the substance of mass M crossing the electrostatic analyzer at energies (m.sub.1 /M)eV.sub.0 =W.sub.1, (m.sub.2 /M) eV.sub.0 =W.sub.2 . . . (mk/M) eV.sub.0 =Wk and making it posible to confirm the presence of the substance of mass M.

Abstract: Process for the detection of a chemical substance of known mass M with the aid of an apparatus incorporating an ion source (1) producing ions of the substance of mass M from a gaseous atmosphere to be analyzed; a dissociation box (3) in which the ions of the substance of mass M dissociate into fragments of known masses m.sub.1, m.sub.2 . . . m.sub.p, characteristic of the substance of mass M to be identified; an electrostatic analyzer (4) filtering the ions of energy W; a magnetic analyzer (5) operating with an induction B.sub.o in its air gap, characterized in that: the value B.sub.o is fixed by choosing for V and W values V.sub.o, W.sub.o such that an atom of mass M.sub.

Abstract: The panel is constituted by a heat-conducting flat metallic support plate provided with at least one absorbent surface composed of metallic tubes in the form of right circular cylinders having axes at right angles to the surface and disposed on a uniform lattice, and by right circular metallic cones each placed within the interior of one of the metallic tubes. The base of each cone is located at the intersection of each tube with the flat plate and the apex of each cone is located at a point within the interior of the tube. The external surface of each cone cooperates with the internal surface of the tube within which the cone is located in order to trap the entire radiation received by the panel.

Abstract: An evacuated chamber contains a source of primary ions, a charge-exchange box, the inlet of which is supplied by the primary ion source and delivers at the outlet a primary molecular or atomic beam which is at least partially neutralized, a target of the material to be ionized which intercepts the emergent primary beam from the charge-exchange box and which is of such geometry that the primary beam undergoes multiple reflections from the target, the target being placed within a chamber which is brought to a potential opposite to that of the polarity of the ions produced.