Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for measuring the dryness of primer on a substrate in an inline priming system. In implementations, the apparatus comprises a plurality of measurement electrodes spaced laterally to extend across and contact a primed surface of a substrate following application of a primer to the substrate as it is fed through the inline priming system. A resistance measurement unit is provided as part of the dryness measuring apparatus to, in use, measure the surface resistance of the primed substrate between different measurement electrodes across the primed surface of a substrate. A controller is provided in the dryness measurement apparatus, the controller arranged to, in use: receive the measured surface resistance value and to generate, based on the measured surface resistance values, a dryness profile indicative of the dryness of the primer at locations across the substrate in the direction of the spacing of the electrodes.

Abstract: A printing apparatus is described in which a guide member biases a printing substrate with a layer of printing fluid toward an electrode array with a plurality of electrodes. Processing circuitry determines a dryness of the layer of printing fluid based on an output of the electrode array when the plurality of electrodes is in electrical contact with the printing substrate.

Abstract: A method is disclosed. The method may comprise forming an image on a surface by controlled electrostatic transfer of a fluid print agent comprising thermoplastic resin disposed in a carrier fluid The method may also comprise heating the fluid print agent on the surface to remove the carrier fluid and to melt the thermoplastic resin and allowing the melted thermoplastic resin in continuous areas on the surface to fuse together to form an image from fused print agent. The method may further involve providing a printed substrate bearing the image formed from fused print agent. The method may further comprise irradiating the printed substrate with an ultraviolet narrowband source so as to cause heating of the fused print agent to melt the thermoplastic resin. A print system and a print apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: Here is described a method of printing on a plastic substrate, the method comprising: providing an electrostatic ink composition comprising a carrier liquid, and particles comprising a resin, and a slip agent dispersed in the carrier liquid; forming a latent electrostatic image on a surface; contacting the surface with the electrostatic ink composition, such that at least some of the particles and the slip agent are transferred to the surface to form a developed toner image on the surface; and transferring the toner image to the plastic substrate. Electrostatic ink compositions and plastic substrates are also disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for measuring the dryness of primer on a substrate in an inline priming system. In implementations, the apparatus comprises a plurality of measurement electrodes spaced laterally to extend across and contact a primed surface of a substrate following application of a primer to the substrate as it is fed through the inline priming system. A resistance measurement unit is provided as part of the dryness measuring apparatus to, in use, measure the surface resistance of the primed substrate between different measurement electrodes across the primed surface of a substrate. A controller is provided in the dryness measurement apparatus, the controller arranged to, in use: receive the measured surface resistance value and to generate, based on the measured surface resistance values, a dryness profile indicative of the dryness of the primer at locations across the substrate in the direction of the spacing of the electrodes.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for measuring the dryness of primer on a substrate in an inline priming system. In implementations, the apparatus comprises a plurality of measurement electrodes spaced laterally to extend across and contact a primed surface of a substrate following application of a primer to the substrate as it is fed through the inline priming system. A resistance measurement unit is provided as part of the dryness measuring apparatus to, in use, measure the surface resistance of the primed substrate between different measurement electrodes across the primed surface of a substrate. A controller is provided in the dryness measurement apparatus, the controller arranged to, in use: receive the measured surface resistance value and to generate, based on the measured surface resistance values, a dryness profile indicative of the dryness of the primer at locations across the substrate in the direction of the spacing of the electrodes.

Abstract: A printing apparatus is described in which a guide member biases a printing substrate with a layer of printing fluid toward an electrode array with a plurality of electrodes. Processing circuitry determines a dryness of the layer of printing fluid based on an output of the electrode array when the plurality of electrodes is in electrical contact with the printing substrate.

Abstract: A printing apparatus is described in which a guide member biases a printing substrate against a plurality of electrodes comprised in an electrode array of the printing apparatus. A layer of wet printing fluid is comprised in the printing substrate. Based on an output of the electrode array when the plurality of electrodes is in electrical contact with the printing substrate, an index of a thickness of the layer of wet printing fluid is determined by processing circuitry of the printing apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for measuring the dryness of primer on a substrate in an inline priming system. In implementations, the apparatus comprises a plurality of measurement electrodes spaced laterally to extend across and contact a primed surface of a substrate following application of a primer to the substrate as it is fed through the inline priming system. A resistance measurement unit is provided as part of the dryness measuring apparatus to, in use, measure the surface resistance of the primed substrate between different measurement electrodes across the primed surface of a substrate. A controller is provided in the dryness measurement apparatus, the controller arranged to, in use: receive the measured surface resistance value and to generate, based on the measured surface resistance values, a dryness profile indicative of the dryness of the primer at locations across the substrate in the direction of the spacing of the electrodes.

Abstract: A printing apparatus is described in which a guide member biases a printing substrate against a plurality of electrodes comprised in an electrode array of the printing apparatus. A layer of wet printing fluid is comprised in the printing substrate. Based on an output of the electrode array when the plurality of electrodes is in electrical contact with the printing substrate, an index of a thickness of the layer of wet printing fluid is determined by processing circuitry of the printing apparatus.

Abstract: A method is described in which a spectrum of a surface of a photoconductor member is obtained using optical spectroscopy; and an extent of oxidation of the surface is determined based on the obtained spectrum.

Abstract: A method is described in which a spectrum of a surface of a photoconductor member is obtained using optical spectroscopy; and an extent of oxidation of the surface is determined based on the obtained spectrum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid electrophotographic ink comprising a carrier liquid, a pigmented resin composite dispersed in the carrier liquid, and about 0.15 to about 10% (w/w) of an organic wax. The liquid electrophotographic ink is typically formulated for printing in a liquid electrophotographic printer.

Abstract: Methods of Printing and Electrostatic Ink Compositions Here is described a method of printing on a plastic substrate, the method comprising: providing an electrostatic ink composition comprising a carrier liquid, and particles comprising a resin, and a slip agent dispersed in the carrier liquid; forming a latent electrostatic image on a surface; contacting the surface with the electrostatic ink composition, such that at least some of the particles and the slip agent are transferred to the surface to form a developed toner image on the surface; and transferring the toner image to the plastic substrate. Electrostatic ink compositions and plastic substrates are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to a liquid toner composition comprising: (a) a carrier liquid; (b) particles comprising (i) a first component comprising a polymer having acidic side groups; and (ii) a second component comprising a polymer having ester side groups; and (c) a charge director. Also described herein are a method of producing a liquid toner composition and a method of electrophotographic printing using a liquid toner composition.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for a liquid electrophotographic (LEP) ink comprising a carrier fluid, a pigment, a high melt viscosity ethylene acrylic acid copolymer resin, and a high acid ethylene acrylic acid copolymer resin. The high acid ethylene acrylic acid copolymer resin can have an acid content of at least 15 wt % and a viscosity of at least 8,000 poise. Additionally, the LEP ink can have a total resin acidity of at least 15 wt % and a total resin melt viscosity of at least 20,000 poise.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for a liquid electrophotographic (LEP) ink comprising a carrier fluid, a pigment, a high melt viscosity ethylene acrylic acid copolymer resin, and a high acid ethylene acrylic acid copolymer resin. The high acid ethylene acrylic acid copolymer resin can have an acid content of at least 15 wt % and a viscosity of at least 8,000 poise. Additionally, the LEP ink can have a total resin acidity of at least 15 wt % and a total resin melt viscosity of at least 20,000 poise.

Abstract: At least a portion of an intermediate transfer member includes a release layer facing outwardly from and supported by a supportive portion. The release layer includes an inner layer and an outer layer over and in contact with the inner layer, The inner layer has a thickness of between about 1 ?m and about 8 ?m and a bulk swelling of between 120% and 350%. The outer layer has a thickness of less than about 5 ?m and a bulk swelling of less than 120%.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to a liquid toner composition comprising: (a) a carrier liquid; (b) particles comprising (i) a first component comprising a polymer having acidic side groups; and (ii) a second component comprising a polymer having ester side groups; and (c) a charge director. Also described herein are a method of producing a liquid toner composition and a method of electrophotographic printing using a liquid toner composition.

Abstract: At least a portion of an intermediate transfer member (34) includes a release layer (50) facing outwardly from and supported by a supportive portion. The release layer (50) includes an inner layer (70) and an outer layer (72) over and in contact with the inner layer (70), The inner layer (70) has a thickness of between about 1 ?m and about 8 ?m and a bulk swelling of between 120% and 350%. The outer layer (72) has a thickness of less than about 5 ?m and a bulk swelling of less than 120%.