Abstract: An example operation may include one or more of invoking, via an operating system, execution of a plurality of software programs having a first mode of operation that causes the plurality of software programs to operate in a first resource consuming mode, monitoring physical resources of a computing device that are consumed by the plurality of software programs, determining to reduce or allow expanded consumption of the physical resources of the computing device by the plurality of software programs based on the monitored physical resources, and in response to the determination, switching from a first mode of operation of a software program from among the plurality of software programs and to a second mode of operation of the software program that causes the software program to operate in a second resource consuming mode that consumes either less or more physical resources than the first resource consuming mode.

Abstract: An example operation may include one or more of invoking, via an operating system, execution of a plurality of software programs having a first mode of operation that causes the plurality of software programs to operate in a first resource consuming mode, monitoring physical resources of a computing device that are consumed by the plurality of software programs, determining to reduce or allow expanded consumption of the physical resources of the computing device by the plurality of software programs based on the monitored physical resources, and in response to the determination, switching from a first mode of operation of a software program from among the plurality of software programs and to a second mode of operation of the software program that causes the software program to operate in a second resource consuming mode that consumes either less or more physical resources than the first resource consuming mode.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for assigning a bias rating to a service based on bias and/or anti-bias testing. For example, unbiased data can be input to the service to, e.g., determine whether the service introduces elements of bias. As another example, biased data can be input to the service to determine whether the service provides elements of anti-bias. In one example, a computer-implemented method comprises selecting, by a device operatively coupled to a processor, source data configured according to a bias specification indicating a criterion that defines bias. The computer-implemented method can comprise determining whether bias exists in output data of the service and determining a bias rating based on the determining whether bias exists in the output data. The computer-implemented method can further comprise assigning the bias rating to the service.

Abstract: A conversational agent rating method, system, and computer program product include receiving a plurality of raw score rankings of a conversational agent from a third party, converting the plurality of raw score rankings into qualitative scores, and generating a rating for the conversational agent by combining the qualitative scores.

Abstract: A bias detection method, system, and computer program product to evaluate bias in an artificial intelligence service include selecting a bias context, the bias context having a bias specification associated with the bias context, generating test data for determining the bias in the artificial intelligence service based on the bias specification and the bias context, and testing the artificial intelligence service for the bias with the generated test data.

Abstract: A bias detection method, system, and computer program product to evaluate bias in an artificial intelligence service include selecting a bias context, the bias context having a bias specification associated with the bias context, generating test data for determining the bias in the artificial intelligence service based on the bias specification and the bias context, and testing the artificial intelligence service for the bias with the generated test data.

Abstract: Systems, computer-implemented methods, and computer program products to facilitate constrained decision-making and explanation of a recommendation are provided. According to an embodiment, a system can comprise a memory that stores computer executable components and a processor that executes the computer executable components stored in the memory. The computer executable components can comprise a recommendation component that can recommend a decision based on one or more decision policies. The decision can comply with one or more constraints of a constrained decision policy. The computer executable components can further comprise an explanation component that can generate an explanation of the decision. The explanation can comprise one or more factors contributing to the decision.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for assigning a bias rating to a service based on bias and/or anti-bias testing. For example, unbiased data can be input to the service to, e.g., determine whether the service introduces elements of bias. As another example, biased data can be input to the service to determine whether the service provides elements of anti-bias. In one example, a computer-implemented method comprises selecting, by a device operatively coupled to a processor, source data configured according to a bias specification indicating a criterion that defines bias. The computer-implemented method can comprise determining whether bias exists in output data of the service and determining a bias rating based on the determining whether bias exists in the output data. The computer-implemented method can further comprise assigning the bias rating to the service.

Abstract: Techniques are provided to automatically facilitate a decision process to enable a set of decision makers to reach a decision that represents consensus or near-consensus among the decision makers. The method comprises: obtaining input representing a set of decision alternatives and indicators of desirability corresponding to the decision alternatives; analyzing a degree of consensus among the decision makers in accordance with the desirability indicators obtained; in response to the degree of consensus being deemed sufficient, reporting the decision to the decision makers; otherwise, actively suggesting to the decision makers a set of one or more discussions in which they should engage, and for each of those discussions which decision alternatives should be discussed and which of the decision makers should participate in the discussion; and interacting with the decision makers to facilitate the discussion in order to obtain a degree of consensus that is deemed sufficient.

Abstract: A method of suturing the lens capsule of the eye in the event of accidental rupture thereof or to create a valve and/or to close a capsulorhexis by laser-induced welding onto the capsule's surface of a flap of biocompatible biological tissue prepared so as to be optically absorbent at the wavelength of the laser being used for welding. The method is suitable for use in so-called Phaco-Ersatz or “lens refilling” ophthalmologic surgery. Welding is desirably performed using laser devices that comprise a laser generator and a fiberoptic system for conveying the laser beam, complete with an applicator handpiece suitable for use in welding the flaps onto the lens capsule in a liquid environment. The handpiece is shaped so as to exert moderate pressure on the tissues to be welded with the free end of the optic fiber.

Abstract: A device for haemostasis of cutaneous blood vessels. The device comprises at least one light-emitting diode (“LED”), a power supply unit for operating the LED and a member for cooling and heat dissipation of the LED. The LED a emits light in the blue-violet spectral band (generally within a range of 390 nm and 470 nm). The device can also be fitted with an optical focusing system and with a member for fibre-optic coupling of the focused light.

Abstract: A method of suturing the lens capsule of the eye in the event of accidental rupture thereof or to create a valve and/or to close a capsulorhexis by laser-induced welding onto the capsule's surface of a flap of biocompatible biological tissue prepared so as to be optically absorbent at the wavelength of the laser being used for welding. The method is suitable for use in so-called Phaco-Ersatz or “lens refilling” ophthalmologic surgery. Welding is desirably performed using laser devices that comprise a laser generator and a fiberoptic system for conveying the laser beam, complete with an applicator handpiece suitable for use in welding the flaps onto the lens capsule in a liquid environment. The handpiece is shaped so as to exert moderate pressure on the tissues to be welded with the free end of the optic fiber.