Abstract: This invention will provide a method of determining nondestructively, the purity or composition of an unknown material sample, such as, for example a sample of gold or silver of unknown purity. Their forms can be a: casting, bullion, coupon or disc (a coin), as well as some jewelry, such as gold or silver rings with signet surfaces. The test specimens are such that their areal dimensions are large compared to their thicknesses, thus qualifying as ‘slabs’. In order to detect a particular adulterant the method may require a dual-test procedure: The first is an application of a pulse of constant heat (or cold) and the second, if necessary, is an application of constant temperature. Furthermore, during the time the conditions are applied the slopes of the time-varying temperature patterns can be determined, the decay curves, after such conditions are removed, and their slopes can also be realized. Such information will provide a further check on the authenticity of the test item.

Abstract: This invention will provide a method of determining nondestructively, the purity or composition of an unknown material sample, such as, for example a sample of gold or silver of unknown purity. Their forms can be a: casting, bullion, coupon or disc (a coin), as well as some jewelry, such as gold or silver rings with signet surfaces. The method involves subjecting one of the large surfaces of the sample of known thickness to an elevated or a cold temperature, relative to the initial temperature of the sample, and comparing the time-varying temperature pattern during finite lengths of time at the same surface thereof, or at the opposite surface, with that of a known and identically-sized standard subjected to the equivalent conditions. The temperature of said surfaces or opposite surfaces can be monitored during the time the heat or cold pulse, or constant temperature is applied and/or after withdrawal.

Abstract: This invention presents an improved way to determine, nondestructively, the composition of an unknown material sample such as, for example, an alloy steel fastener or a carbon steel fastener of unknown standard grade. The procedure involves utilizing a pulse of heat from a focused laser or infrared heater to a spot at the end of a standard grade fastener of known length or applying a pulse of cold and then placing an infrared temperature detector a specific distance from the heat or cold source and measure the temperature-time transmission. Over an interval of time the nature of the transmitted pulse and the time variation of temperature causes a pattern that allows the determination of the alloy content of the bolt. The temperature-time signature of the bolt, the decay curve after shut-off and the slopes of the curves can be used to detect inferior or mismatched bolts in a laboratory, in a plant or production floor environment or in situ testing in installed equipment.

Abstract: Medical studies have shown that when the pressure within the eye rises above normal the flow of blood is suppressed to the veins and the optic nerve fibers causing a reduction of temperature at those locations. If such conditions are allowed to exist over a period of time the subject is in danger of experiencing loss of peripheral vision, called glaucoma.This invention presents an improved way to determine indirectly intra-ocular pressure of the human eye through the use of a noncontacting, nonirrating, infrared temperature sensing device. This is accomplished by accurately measuring the temperature at the macula and fovea sites located at the back of the eye and the core body temperature as the individual's base temperature using the same tympanic temperature measuring device. The difference in these temperatures, calibrated in terms of intra-ocular pressure, reveals the potential danger of impending glaucoma.

Abstract: This invention detects blood flow disorders by comparing the core body temperature, defined by a tympanic membrane measurement, to temperature measurements at various locations within the eye. The differential between the temperature measurement of the core body and that of selected site locations can yield an accurate indication of blood flow disorder within the eye. Areas at the back of the eye can be scanned at selected sites to obtain a temperature measurement profile, and again these temperatures will provide a difference when compared to the core body temperature and that can indicate abnormal blood flow. The use of additional instrumentation via computer technology or photography can be employed to map the fundus area of the eye and produce hard copies of results. The same principle can be utilized to determine abnormal blood flow patterns at subsurface skin locations caused by infections, disease, peripheral circulation, soft tissue intimation due to sprains, arthritis tendinitis, etc.

Abstract: Attempts to determine compression properties of materials from specimens having a thin cross-section or even specimens that have relatively large cross-sections and correspondingly large slenderness ratios, i.e., length-to cross-sectional-thicknesses, are thwarted, became failure will occur due to Euler buckling prior to the realization of the objective. The same problem exists when testing columns of various cross-sections and thin-walled cylinders as structural components, depending upon their slenderness ratios, or in situ specimens cut out of thin structural components. This invention presents an improved, but simple way to increase the critical buckling force while mechanically testing in compression laboratory specimens, in situ test specimens taken from structural components, or even structural components having large slenderness ratios.

Abstract: An apparatus is invented that accurately determines the failure or fracture stress of materials that behave in a brittle manner while under static or dynamic loadings that applies a stress to a test specimen in tension, compression, shear, or combination thereof, or in the case of cyclic loading stressing a fatigue sample. The bending and twisting of the test specimen due to the inherent misalignments in conventional test systems are drastically reduced by this device, which utilizes a hollow cylinder, termed a bending moment absorber whose ends are fitted and fixed to the ends of a dumbbell or flat specimen. This assembly, in turn, is clamped at each end by commercially available hydraulically-operated grips within the load train. This device causes the combined cross-sections of the hollow cylinder and the specimen to act in concert so as to markedly increase the moment of inertia of the system and thus reduce both the imposed bending stress and the error during testing.

Abstract: This invention presents an improved way to determine, nondestructively, the composition of an unknown material sample such as, for example, a steel fastener of unknown standard grade. The procedure involves subjecting one end of a standard grade steel fastener of known length and weight to a pulse of heat and subjecting an identically-sized fastener of unknown grade to the equivalent or same conditions for an interval of time for the same finite length and comparing the time varying temperature pattern at the same heated ends of each fastener. The temperature of said locations can be monitored during the time heat is applied.

Abstract: A way to determine, nondestructively, the purity or composition of an unknown material sample such as, for example, a sample of gold or silver of unknown purity. The procedure involves subjecting one end of an elongate sample of known length and weight to a temperature elevated relative to that of the sample and comparing the time-varying temperature pattern at the other end thereof during finite lengths of time with that of a known or identically-sized standard subjected to equivalent or the same conditions for an interval of time of the same finite length. The temperature of said other end can be monitored during the time heat is applied and/or after it is withdrawn.