Abstract: Permeability values are estimated based on well logs using regression algorithms, such as gradient boosting and random forest. The training data is selected from well logs for which core-analysis-based permeability values are available. The estimated permeability values are used to plan hydrocarbon production. The well logs used to build the depth blended model may include total porosity, gamma ray, volume of calcite, density, resistivity, and neutron logs. Selecting the training data may include grouping the well logs according to regions expected to have similar characteristics, choosing a subset of the well logs corresponding to wells expected to provide stable models according to pre-determined criteria, and/or identifying training zones on the chosen well logs according to one or more rules. Validation and consistency checks may also be performed.

Abstract: Permeability values are estimated based on well logs using regression algorithms, such as gradient boosting and random forest. The training data is selected from well logs for which core-analysis-based permeability values are available. The estimated permeability values are used to plan hydrocarbon production. The well logs used to build the depth blended model may include total porosity, gamma ray, volume of calcite, density, resistivity, and neutron logs. Selecting the training data may include grouping the well logs according to regions expected to have similar characteristics, choosing a subset of the well logs corresponding to wells expected to provide stable models according to pre-determined criteria, and/or identifying training zones on the chosen well logs according to one or more rules. Validation and consistency checks may also be performed.

Abstract: An axial engine includes a cam assembly housing moveable away from a cylinder head to reduce a compression ratio during conditions giving rise to detonation and movable towards the cylinder head to raise the compression ratio when operation allows the higher compression ratio. Piston rod ends ride in counter rotating slots balancing lateral forces on the piston rods. Piston dwell at Top Dead Center (TDC) provides for constant volume combustion and extended piston travel during the power stroke allows for over-expansion. Rotary valves improve volumetric efficiency and water injection supports increased compression ratio leading to improved thermodynamic efficiency.