Abstract: A reactor is disclosed for carrying out exothermic or endothermic chemical reactions in which the reaction temperature is maintained as constant as possible. The reactor comprises a reaction space, an inlet for at least two reaction components, and an outlet for the reaction products. The reactor according to the invention is characterized in that the reaction space is provided with a plurality of interconnected reactor stages through which the reaction stream passes in succession, that each reactor stage comprises three reaction component guiding means, and that each reactor stage is provided with at least one injection opening for at least one reaction component.

Abstract: A centrifugal pump for transferring solid particles from a low pressure zone into a high pressure zone comprises a centrifugal rotor and a housing that are each rotatable about a central axis. The rotor debouches particles into the interior of the housing and a screw conveyor is arranged in the housing for transporting particles along the inner surface of the housing to an outlet which is coaxial to the central axis.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for continuously sampling, for example, crude oil, to determine the amount of water and bottom sediments in the crude oil, wherein the crude oil is passed through a mixing zone in a pipeline to homogenize the crude oil, a fluid stream is continuously withdrawn from the homogenized crude oil and introduced into a collecting vessel. The collected fluid is mixed for homogenization, whereafter a sample is taken from the fluid for analysis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for reducing the level of radioactivity of a stream of light hydrocarbons by passing the stream through sulfided solid particles.