Abstract: A photovoltaic installation includes a photovoltaic generator, electrical connector lines, an enabling signal source, and an arc discharge detector. The generator is configured to generate a DC voltage when an enable signal is applied to the generator. The electrical connector lines connect the generator to a voltage converter for the voltage converter to receive the DC voltage from the generator. The enabling signal source is configured to apply the enable signal to the generator. The arc discharge detector is configured to detect for an arc discharge by detecting for the presence on the connector lines of an AC voltage signal having characteristics indicative of an arc discharge. The arc discharge detector is further configured to cause the enabling signal source to stop applying the enable signal to the generator when an arc discharge is detected.

Abstract: A method for charging for a service in a telecommunications/data network, in particular UMTS mobile radio network, transactions which relate to debits being transmitted to a debiting system on network elements which implement a debiting interface, by means of an adapted transmission protocol, a hot-billing protocol which supports a termination message of the debiting system being used as the transmission protocol, a network element which is involved in the debiting transaction transmitting a message to the debiting system both at the start and at the end of the service and the service being timed in the debiting system in parallel with the execution of the service and debiting being carried out in response to the measurement result.

Abstract: A method for charging for a service in a telecommunications/data network, in particular UMTS mobile radio network, transactions which relate to debits being transmitted to a debiting system on network elements which implement a debiting interface, by means of an adapted transmission protocol, a hot-billing protocol which supports a termination message of the debiting system being used as the transmission protocol, a network element which is involved in the debiting transaction transmitting a message to the debiting system both at the start and at the end of the service and the service being timed in the debiting system in parallel with the execution of the service and debiting being carried out in response to the measurement result.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for transferring messages between communication terminals, including a control computer controlling message transfer which transfers a token to a first communication terminal and grants the first communication terminal authorization to transmit a message, and transfers a reservation message to a charging system, which asks the charging system to reserve resources for charging for the transfer of the message. After receiving the token, the first communication terminal starts to transmit the message, which is addressed to a second communication terminal, and portions of the message which have been transmitted by the first communication terminal are transferred to the control computer and are buffer-stored therein, and after receiving a reservation confirmation message transferred to the control computer by the charging system upon successful reservation the control computer transfers the message to the second communication terminal.

Abstract: A method involves storing a change data record with a change data in a network element of a data transmission network; transmitting a service request message for the use of a service by the user; allocating a service termination data for the user according to the service request message; changing the termination date according to the use of the service in the network element, and; determining the end of the service according to the service termination date in the network element. The method is simple and offers numerous advantages.

Abstract: A method for charging for a service in a telecommunications/data network, in particular UMTS mobile radio network, transactions which relate to debits being transmitted to a debiting system on network elements which implement a debiting interface, by means of an adapted transmission protocol, a hot-billing protocol which supports a termination message of the debiting system being used as the transmission protocol, a network element which is involved in the debiting transaction transmitting a message to the debiting system both at the start and at the end of the service and the service being timed in the debiting system in parallel with the execution of the service and debiting being carried out in response to the measurement result.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for transferring messages between communication terminals, including a control computer controlling message transfer which transfers a token to a first communication terminal and grants the first communication terminal authorization to transmit a message, and transfers a reservation message to a charging system, which asks the charging system to reserve resources for charging for the transfer of the message. After receiving the token, the first communication terminal starts to transmit the message, which is addressed to a second communication terminal, and portions of the message which have been transmitted by the first communication terminal are transferred to the control computer and are buffer-stored therein, and after receiving a reservation confirmation message transferred to the control computer by the charging system upon successful reservation the control computer transfers the message to the second communication terminal.