Abstract: An apparatus includes first and second portions. The first portion has optics which cause first radiation within a selected waveband to travel along a path of travel and to have a selected field of view. The second portion introduces second radiation within the selected waveband into the field of view, without any significant degradation of a transmission efficiency of the first radiation along the path of travel. The second radiation then travels with the first radiation along the path of travel.

Abstract: An apparatus has a rangefinder portion that includes: a radiation generator which emits radiation having a selected wavelength; a radiation detector which detects radiation having the selected wavelength; and an optical portion which includes a non-reciprocal optical part. The optical portion routes radiation emitted by the radiation generator at the selected wavelength through the non-reciprocal optical part and then through an aperture toward a location remote from the apparatus, and also routes radiation received via the aperture at the selected wavelength through the non-reciprocal optical part and then to the radiation detector.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator with an anti-reflective coating (ARC) 100 integrated into its structure. The manufacturing of the device is altered to include deposition of an ARC 100, and any necessary patterning and etching to allow the elements of the array to operate properly. The ARC could reside in several places of the element structure including over the addressing circuitry 26, over a middle layer 32 or on the underside of the reflective structure 10. Micromechanical spatial light modulators, as well as non-moving modulators, such as reflective and transmissive LCD modulators can use the invention.

Abstract: A glass surface with a low reflectance opaque aperture coating (12). In one example the coating has two layers, in another the coating has three layers. In a third example the coating includes a filter layer structure(36). The coating can be deposited onto the glass or an antireflective coating (14). A process is included in which the opaque coating is formed. The process includes depositing the coating on an antireflective coating, then patterning and etching the opaque coating to define a clear aperture area.

Abstract: Durable thorium fluoride, low reflectance, high transmittance coatings for germanium (zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, gallium arsenide) exterior window surfaces are replaced using magnesium fluoride, a material previously not considered applicable to the 8 to 12 .mu.m wavelength range. This is enabled by the use of argon ion bombardment of the growing film. This method reduces the intrinsic stress of deposited films and permits growth of magnesium fluoride films of sufficient thickness to be used on the exterior surface of IR windows.

Abstract: An ultra hard, wideband anti-reflection coating for an IR window, such as GaAs, which resists environmental and chemical attack. The coating is designed to allow spectral transmission therethrough in a wide band, namely the 3 to 12 micron range. A cladding layer is formed on the GaAs window. A first diamond like carbon (DLC) layer is then formed on the first bonding layer. A bonding layer is formed on the first DLC layer and a second DLC layer is formed on the bonding layer.

Abstract: An ultra hard, wideband anti-reflection coating for an IR window, such as GaAs, which resists environmental and chemical attack. The coating is designed to allow spectral transmission therethrough in a wide band, namely the 3 to 12 micron range. A cladding layer is formed on the GaAs window. A first diamond like carbon (DLC) layer is then formed on the first bonding layer. A bonding layer is formed on the first DLC layer and a second DLC layer is formed on the bonding layer.

Abstract: A light absorbing, low reflectance coating and method of fabricating the coating provided by electron beam evaporation of aluminum onto substrates bombarded with nitrogen ions to produce a randomly textured coating which traps light in a labyrinth. The coating is electrically insulating except for the first few tens of atoms which remain metallic. Absorptance exceeds 90% in the 0.4 to 16 .mu.m region. The coating is flexible and can be deposited on a polymer base.

Abstract: Durable thorium fluoride, low reflectance, high transmittance coatings for germanium (zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, gallium arsenide) exterior window surfaces are replaced using magnesium fluoride, a material previously not considered applicable to the 8 to 12 .mu.m wavelength range. This is enabled by the use of argon ion bombardment of the growing film. This method reduces the intrinsic stress of deposited films and permits growth of magnesium fluoride films of sufficient thickness to be used on the exterior surface of IR windows.

Abstract: A light absorbing, low reflectance coating and method of fabricating the coating provided by electron beam evaporation of aluminum onto substrates bombarded with nitrogen ions to produce a randomly textured coating which traps light in a labyrinth. The coating is electrically insulating except for the first few tens of atoms which remain metallic. Absorptance exceeds 90% in the 0.4 to 16 .mu.m region. The coating is flexible and can be deposited on a polymer base.

Abstract: Materials for infrared transparent, electrically conductive applications such as gate for infrared detectors made of titanium oxynitride (TiN.sub.x O.sub.y), bismuth, and antimony. Titanium oxynitride with resistivity of at least 0.001 .OMEGA.-cm provides sufficient transmittance for infrared detector gate application as illustrated in FIG. 4.

Abstract: Disclosed is silicon photodiode having a multilayer thin film optical filter deposited directly on the detecting surface thereof. The multilayer filter is an interference type filter designed to limit the normal response of a silicon photodiode so that its spectral response is essentially the same as that of the human eye. The multilayer filter is applied to the diode during fabrication using low cost mass production techniques. The multilayer filter materials are very durable and provide excellent passivation and environmental protection for the diode surface.