Abstract: Methods for forming a low resistivity ruthenium (Ru) thin film that include depositing ruthenium onto a substrate via ion beam deposition with assist ion beam in a process chamber having reactive and noble gas species therein. The substrate is at at least 250° C. A resulting thin ruthenium film has a thickness of no more than 30 nm, a resistivity less than 12 ?·cm and a crystalline structure comprising grains having a (0001) orientation. The resistivity will differ at different thickness; for example, less than 9 ??-cm for films of 50 nm and thicker, less than 9.5 ??-cm for films of 35 nm and thicker, less than 11 ??-cm for films of 20 nm and thicker, less than 15 ??-cm for films of 10 nm and thicker or less than 20 ??-cm for films of 2 nm and thicker. The grains have a mean grain size at least three times the film thickness.

Abstract: A cargo barrier net installation for a cargo airplane is connected to the floor and fuselage shell of the aircraft. The cargo barrier net installation includes a pair of C-shaped beams that secure the horizontal net straps to the fuselage. The C-shaped beams have a primary portion that is secured to an existing fitting of cargo planes to attempt to eliminate unrestrained movement of the beam assemblies, which movement can cause damage to the aircraft structure.

Abstract: An audience participation system and method utilizing wireless transmission is provided. The system includes a plurality of modules in the possession of an audience, each module having a keypad or other means which is activated by a member of the audience in order for the audience to respond to a question posed by the speaker during his presentation. After the speaker poses a question, the audience responds by supplying information through a physical input into the module. The module then encodes the information provided into an encoded electrical pattern. This encoded electrical pattern is modulated into an electromagnetic signal which is then electromagnetically transmitted. A base station has a receiver for capturing the electromagnetic signal which is then demodulated into the encoded electrical pattern originally transmitted.