Abstract: There is provided an apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: determining signal characteristics of a physical uplink control channel to indicate capability or incapability of the apparatus to transmit the physical uplink control channel with repetitions; and transmitting, to a network node, the physical uplink control channel with the signal characteristics indicating capability or incapability of the apparatus to transmit the physical uplink control channel with repetitions.

Abstract: Obtaining target cell ephemeris information for handover cases is provided. A method may be performed by a user equipment of acquiring, prior to initiating a handover, assistance information about each target neighboring cell in a list of candidate cells that is on the same satellite or a different satellite as a current cell to which the apparatus is currently connected. The handover may be performed from the current cell to one target neighboring cell from the generated list of candidate cells based on the assistance information.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for packet combining for PDCP duplication, e.g., in ultra-reliable low-latency-communication (URLLC) scenarios are provided. One method may include providing, from a network node to at least one second node, a pointer to an earlier or first transmission of a protocol data unit (PDU). The pointer may be used by subsequent transmissions of the protocol data unit (PDU) through the at least one second node to indicate to a user equipment (UE) what transmissions are to be combined.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising determining a first time period during which radio mobility of one or more terminal devices is not expected, determining a second time period during which radio mobility of the one or more terminal devices is expected, determining a first synchronization signal block, SSB, transmission mode that is to be applied during the first time period, and determining a second synchronization signal block, SSB, transmission mode that is to be applied during the second time period.

Abstract: In a non-terrestrial network, the delay in reception time may prevent reception of a random access preamble. A combination of increasing transmit power and changing the timing with which the random access preamble is transmitted may enable reception of the random access preamble. One or more criteria may be used to determine whether the timing advance value with which the random access preamble is transmitted should be changed before retransmission is attempted.

Abstract: There are provided measures for enabling/realizing stationarity-based UE power saving, specifically network-assisted power saving at a terminal entity based on local stationarity monitoring and autonomous power saving mode switching. Such measures exemplarily include that a terminal entity operates in a normal power mode, including performing normal radio environment related measurements (such as regular radio resource management measurements and/or cell search measurements) and monitoring a stationarity condition with a local procedure and/or equipment, switches from the normal power mode to a power saving mode, if the locally monitored stationarity condition is satisfied, and operates in the power saving mode, including performing relaxed radio environment related measurements (such as relaxed radio resource management measurements and/or cell search measurements).

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus, such as a user equipment, configured at least to process a measurement instruction received in the apparatus from a cellular communication system, based on the measurement instruction, measure a received signal strength of a signal from each cell of a first cell set and each cell of a second cell set, the first cell set and the second cell set comprising cells of the cellular communication system, and determine a first signal strength value for the first cell set and a second signal strength value for the second cell set, and report to the cellular communication system a value obtained from the first signal strength value and the second signal strength value.

Abstract: According to example embodiment, a method may include receiving, by a user device from a network node, a message including a first set of bits of a cyclic redundancy check that is scrambled based on a sequence of bits, wherein the sequence of bits indicates or is associated with a number of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmissions within a random access procedure; descrambling, by the user device, the cyclic redundancy check to obtain the sequence of bits; determining, by the user device based on the sequence of bits, the number of physical uplink control channel transmissions within the random access procedure; and performing, by the user device within the random access procedure, a transmission of a physical uplink control channel the determined number of times.

Abstract: There are provided measures for control channel repetition management. Such measures exemplarily comprise receiving, from a terminal, a connection request message, checking whether said connection request message is scrambled utilizing any of at least one temporary identifier other than a temporary identifier assigned to said terminal, and, if said connection request message is scrambled utilizing any of said at least one temporary identifier, concluding that said terminal can make use of physical uplink control channel repetitions.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for determining a time window during which system information blocks containing satellite assistance information should be read in order for the apparatus to reliably maintain up-to-date satellite assistance information.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus in a user equipment, the apparatus comprising including: one or more processors, and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: perform measurements on signals received from a target network entity, wherein the user equipment is connected to a serving network entity and calculate a variance of the measurements over a time period. The one or more processors, and memory storing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the apparatus to, in response to determining that the calculated variance is above a threshold value, adjust the transmission of a measurement report from the user equipment.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for selecting system information blocks containing satellite assistance information to be read such that up-to-date satellite assistance information in order for the apparatus to maintain up to date satellite assistance information. The apparatus and method take account of the discontinuous mode of operation of the apparatus and seek to align the selected system information blocks with the operational times of the apparatus. The apparatus and method also seek to preferentially select the system information blocks closest to the end of the valid time period for the current satellite assistance information.

Abstract: Various example embodiments relate to performing random access to a communication network. An apparatus may determine satellite positioning information comprising a location of the apparatus and/or time information. The apparatus may determine an estimate of the accuracy of the satellite positioning information and select a type of random access procedure accordingly. Apparatuses, methods, and computer programs are disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided reduced power consumption in devices that use at least two identities for communications. A method comprises aligning (1302) a plurality of paging occasions across at least two identities of a communication device. The aligning is performed via requesting and receiving (1306) from a communication network a paging occasion for the communication device with at least two identities using at least one of the identities.

Abstract: Based on a configuration of a pre-allocated sequence of first SSBs of a first predetermined number, which comprise second SSBs of a second predetermined number and third SSBs of a third predetermined number, a network apparatus of an access network of a cellular communication system determines (S503) a usage for resources associated with the third SSBs. According to the configuration of the pre-allocated sequence of first SSBs, the second SSBs are to be utilized in a beam management procedure including an initial access procedure and the third SSBs are not necessarily to be utilized in the beam management procedure including the initial access procedure which enables UEs to gain initial access to the cellular communication system via the access network. The network apparatus broadcasts (S505) the usage in the beam management procedure.

Abstract: There is provided reduced power consumption in devices that use at least two identities for communications. A method comprises aligning (1302) a plurality of paging occasions across at least two identities of a communication device. The aligning is performed via requesting and receiving (1306) from a communication network a paging occasion for the communication device with at least two identities using at least one of the identities.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising receiving a data packet from an access node, combining the received data packet with previous repetitions of the data packet to obtain a combined data packet, attempting to decode information comprised in the combined data packet, determining that the attempt to decode was not successful, determining an estimate of energy required for a correct reception of the data packet and based, at least partly, on the determined estimation for the energy, determining an additional number of repetitions of the data packet.

Abstract: Various techniques are provided for generating and communicating an acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK).

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media of UL data duplication avoidance. The method includes obtaining, from an application layer of a terminal device, at least one UL data to be transmitted to a network device, the at least one UL data including one or more application retransmission data and keeping the one or more application retransmission data in a buffer of the terminal device for respective time intervals. The method further includes in accordance with a determination that an indication, that respective acknowledges are received for at least a portion of application retransmission data in the one or more application retransmission data, is received from the application layer, removing the portion of application retransmission data from the buffer. In this way, redundant retransmission of UL application data may be avoided.

Abstract: To take into account a possible collision during sidelink communications, a transmitter (transceiver) may request one or more other apparatuses (transceivers, receivers) to monitor and report transmissions on sidelink resources at least during a resource received and used by the transmitter for transmission of the data. When one or more monitoring reports are received it is determined whether to reschedule the transmission of the data.