Abstract: A substance and method for minimizing or eliminating damage to objects caused by animals, especially gnawing and chewing rodents. A wide variety of objects and items can be protected by the practice of the invention. Methods are disclosed for extracting the active repellent ingredient from pepper plants, particularly habanero peppers, and for using the extract to treat the objects to be protected. Disclosed protective treatment methods include applying the extract directly to the item to be protected, and/or mixing the extract with caulks, paints, glues, or rubber coating materials.

Abstract: A substance and method for minimizing or eliminating damage to objects caused by animals, especially gnawing and chewing rodents. A wide variety of objects and items can be protected by the practice of the invention. Methods are disclosed for extracting the active repellent ingredient from pepper plants, particularly habanero peppers, and for using the extract to treat the objects to be protected. Disclosed protective treatment methods include applying the extract directly to the item to be protected, and/or mixing the extract with caulks, paints, glues, or rubber coating materials.

Abstract: Percutaneous administration of nicotine in a dose approximating the dose delivered by a variety of nicotine-containing products, such as cigarettes, cigars, snuff and chewing tobacco, is carried out using an occlusive pad. The nicotine is delivered so as to mimic the pharmacological effects of nicotine provided by the conventional use of tobacco, and a therapeutic function is achieved by reducing or eliminating the need for the tobacco product. A suitable transdermal application pad comprises a reservoir for liquid nicotine base to be affixed to the skin in a variety of places. Due to the high lipid solubility and resultant high skin permeability of nicotine, vehicles or solvents are not generally needed to enhance dermal absorption.