Abstract: Disclosed is a method of operating a Radio Access Network (RAN) including a Radio Unit (RU), a first Distributed Unit (DU), a second DU that functions as a dynamic standby DU, and a network management device. After the RU transmits data to the first DU using a configuration parameter set to an address of the first DU, the RU detects an outage of the first DU. In response to detecting the outage, the RU transmits to the network management device a message indicating detection of the outage. In response, the network management device configures the second DU to perform the functions of the first DU, and causes the second DU to request the RU to set the configuration parameter to an address of the second DU. The RU then uses the configuration parameter set to the address of the second DU to transmit data to the second DU.

Abstract: A method for performing a software update that reduces down time in a Radio Access Network (RAN) is disclosed. A first computing device receives first Distributed Unit (DU) configuration information including an address of a first radio unit (RU) device. The first computing device cause the first RU device to stores an address of the first computing device as a value of a configuration parameter. After a second computing device installs software, the second computing device receives the first DU configuration information including the address of the first RU device. The first computing device receives an instruction to stop data transmission to the first RU device. The second computing device causes the first RU device stores an address of the second computing device as the value of the configuration parameter. The second computing device receives an instruction to start data transmission to the first RU device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of operating a Radio Access Network (RAN) including a Radio Unit (RU), a first Distributed Unit (DU), a second DU that functions as a dynamic standby DU, and a network management device. After the RU transmits data to the first DU using a configuration parameter set to an address of the first DU, the RU detects an outage of the first DU. In response to detecting the outage, the RU transmits to the network management device a message indicating detection of the outage. In response, the network management device configures the second DU to perform the functions of the first DU, and causes the second DU to request the RU to set the configuration parameter to an address of the second DU. The RU then uses the configuration parameter set to the address of the second DU to transmit data to the second DU.

Abstract: A method for performing a software update that reduces down time in a Radio Access Network (RAN) is disclosed. A first computing device receives first Distributed Unit (DU) configuration information including an address of a first radio unit (RU) device. The first computing device cause the first RU device to stores an address of the first computing device as a value of a configuration parameter. After a second computing device installs software, the second computing device receives the first DU configuration information including the address of the first RU device. The first computing device receives an instruction to stop data transmission to the first RU device. The second computing device causes the first RU device stores an address of the second computing device as the value of the configuration parameter. The second computing device receives an instruction to start data transmission to the first RU device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of operating a Radio Access Network (RAN) including a Radio Unit (RU), a first Distributed Unit (DU), a second DU that functions as a dynamic standby DU, and a network management device. After the RU transmits data to the first DU using a configuration parameter set to an address of the first DU, the RU detects an outage of the first DU. In response to detecting the outage, the RU transmits to the network management device a message indicating detection of the outage. In response, the network management device configures the second DU to perform the functions of the first DU, and causes the second DU to request the RU to set the configuration parameter to an address of the second DU. The RU then uses the configuration parameter set to the address of the second DU to transmit data to the second DU.

Abstract: A method for performing a software update that reduces down time in a Radio Access Network (RAN) is disclosed. A first computing device receives first Distributed Unit (DU) configuration information including an address of a first radio unit (RU) device. The first computing device cause the first RU device to stores an address of the first computing device as a value of a configuration parameter. After a second computing device installs software, the second computing device receives the first DU configuration information including the address of the first RU device. The first computing device receives an instruction to stop data transmission to the first RU device. The second computing device causes the first RU device stores an address of the second computing device as the value of the configuration parameter. The second computing device receives an instruction to start data transmission to the first RU device.

Abstract: When a failed connection is detected from a first radio unit (RU) to the cellular site router (CSR), activation of an existing backup cabled connection from the first RU to the CSR through a cabled connection between the first RU and a second RU of the cellular telecommunications tower may be performed. In one example, a first RU and second RU each have two physical network ports. The activation of the existing backup cabled connection from the first RU, via the second RU, to the CSR may include causing the first RU to enter from a normal operating mode into an Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) cascade operating mode to attempt to attain network connectivity for the first RU using the second physical network port of the first RU.

Abstract: When a failed connection is detected from a first radio unit (RU) to the cellular site router (CSR), activation of an existing backup cabled connection from the first RU to the CSR through a cabled connection between the first RU and a second RU of the cellular telecommunications tower may be performed. In one example, a first RU and second RU each have two physical network ports. The activation of the existing backup cabled connection from the first RU, via the second RU, to the CSR may include causing the first RU to enter from a normal operating mode into an Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) cascade operating mode to attempt to attain network connectivity for the first RU using the second physical network port of the first RU.

Abstract: A system for measuring the electrical conductivity of disinfecting and rinsing solutions within a cleansing container includes a power supply for driving a pair of detectors and/or a meter, a conductivity probe for measuring the electrical conductance of the solutions, an oscillator, amplifier, and rectifier circuit, and indicators such as colored lights for indicating the type of solution within the container. The entire measuring system may be miniaturized and provided within the lid of the container. The system is particularly adapted to ensure that the correct steps are taken during the disinfection of contact lenses.

Abstract: Coal, petroleum residuum and similar carbonaceous feed materials are subjected to hydroconversion in the presence of molecular hydrogen to produce a hydroconversion effluent which is then subjected to one or more separation steps to remove lower molecular weight liquids and produce a heavy bottoms stream containing high molecular weight liquids and unconverted carbonaceous material. The viscosity of the bottoms streams produced in the separation step or steps is prevented from increasing rapidly by treating the feed to the separation step or steps with ammonia gas prior to or during the separation step or steps. The viscosity of the heavy bottoms stream produced in the final separation step is also controlled by treating these bottoms with ammonia gas. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the effluent from the hydroconversion reactor is subjected to an atmospheric distillation followed by a vacuum distillation and the feeds to these distillations are contacted with ammonia during the distillations.