Abstract: A method for drying a fluid film, which is applied to a surface of a substrate and includes a vaporizable liquid, includes following steps: transporting the substrate on a transport surface of a transport device along a transport direction through a drying device; vaporizing the liquid by way of a heat source having a heating surface, wherein the heating surface is disposed at a distance of 0.1 mm to 5.0 mm opposite to a surface of the substrate; and removing a vaporized liquid in a direction of the heat source.

Abstract: When fuel injections into Otto-engines are carried out, pressure pulsations occur in the entire fuel injection system. These prevent detailed information about the fuel injection to be deduced from the pressure signals measurable in the system. When specially designed dampers for these pressure pulsations are employed, pressure difference signals over the pulsation damper can readily be employed for instantaneous volume flow rate measurements. Furthermore, the inserted pressure pulsation dampers also allow the pressure reduction in the Common-Rail, due to the fuel injections, to be employed to measure the instantaneous fuel injection volume flow rates, in running Otto-engines. The authors' development work in this field is described in this paper and results of verification measurements are presented.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel injection system, in particular a common rail injection system, in which fuel is conducted from a distributor pipe via high-pressure lines to injectors, by means of which the fuel can be injected during an injection cycle with a number of injection pulses, wherein each of the high-pressure lines is provided with at least one damping device for damping pressure pulsations. In order to simplify the production of the damping device, the damping device has a pipe, in which a core that is held at a distance via spacers so as to form an annular gap is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for printing on a substrate (1) by means of a fluid (F) that can be used for printing, in particular a printing ink, comprising the following steps: conveying the fluid (F) to a slotted nozzle tool (4), applying a fluid film produced by means of the slotted nozzle tool (4) to a rotating transfer roller (5), transferring the fluid (F) from the transfer roller (5) to a rotating printing roller (6), which is in contact with the transfer roller and has a printing plate (7), and printing the fluid (F) from the printing plate (7) onto the substrate (11)

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for drying a fluid film including a vaporizable liquid and applied to a substrate surface of a substrate, having the following steps: transporting of the substrate on a transport surface of a transport device along a transport direction via a drying apparatus, vaporizing the liquid by means of a plurality of heat sources arranged in succession in the transport direction, wherein each of the heat sources has a heating surface which is arranged at a distance of 0.1 mm to 15.0 mm opposite the substrate surface, and discharging of the vaporized liquid through a discharge opening between two successive heating surfaces.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel injection system, in particular a common rail injection system, in which fuel is conducted from a distributor pipe via high-pressure lines to injectors, by means of which the fuel can be injected during an injection cycle with a number of injection pulses, wherein each of the high-pressure lines is provided with at least one damping device for damping pressure pulsations. In order to simplify the production of the damping device, the damping device has a pipe, in which a core that is held at a distance via spacers so as to form an annular gap is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for drying a fluid film (F), which is applied to a surface of a substrate (3) and includes a vaporizable liquid, comprising the following steps: transporting the substrate (3) on a transport surface (6) of a transport device (5) along a transport direction (T) through a drying device (7); vaporizing the liquid by way of a heat source (13) having a heating surface (G), wherein the heating surface (G) is disposed at a distance (?G) of 0.1 mm to 5.0 mm opposite the substrate surface; and removing the vaporized liquid in the direction of the heat source (13).

Abstract: The invention relates to a coating tool for applying a fluid film onto a substrate, wherein disposed upstream of a slot nozzle (1) for producing a fluid film, said nozzle extending substantially across the entirety of a first width (B1) of the coating tool in unbroken fashion, is a distribution space (7) for distributing the fluid over a second width (B2) of the slot nozzle (1), wherein at least one channel (6) for feeding fluid is provided upstream of the distribution space (7), said channel having a third width (B3), and wherein the third width (B3) is smaller than the second width (B2). To avoid an uneven throughput of material across the width of the slot, it is proposed according to the invention that a plurality of feed channels (9) be disposed in the distribution space (7), said channels having a cross sectional area that increases in the direction of flow (S).

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for cleaning wastewater, wherein at least one flow channel (S, S1, S2) having at least one horizontal agitator (5) disposed therein in the treatment basin (B), and wherein a cross-sectional surface (Q) of the flow channel (S, S1, S2) extending perpendicularly to the flow direction (SR) increases steadily upstream and downstream from the horizontal agitator (5).

Abstract: The invention relates to a coating tool for applying a fluid film onto a substrate, wherein disposed upstream of a slot nozzle (1) for producing a fluid film, said nozzle extending substantially across the entirety of a first width (B1) of the coating tool in unbroken fashion, is a distribution space (7) for distributing. the fluid over a second width (B2) of the slot nozzle (1), wherein at least one channel (6) for feeding fluid is provided upstream of the distribution space (7), said channel having a third width (B3), and wherein the third width (B3) is smaller than the second width (B2). To avoid an uneven throughput of material across the width of the slot, it is proposed according to the invention that a plurality of feed channels (9) be disposed in the distribution space (7), said channels having a cross sectional area that increases in the direction of flow (S).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the instantaneous rate of the mass flow of a flow of a fluid pulsating periodically at a frequency f, said method comprising the following steps: a) a pressure gradient in the flow over a certain period (P) is determined, b) the harmonic amplitude of the pressure gradient is calculated by means of Fourier transformation, c) the frequency f and the time t are converted into dimensionless numbers F, t and d) the rate of the mass flow is determined using a table from which at least one corresponding value describing the mass flow rate and/or a phase difference can be deduced for each dimensionless number F of the frequency f.

Abstract: The invention relates to a valve (16), in which a fluid inlet opening provided in a valve housing (1) is connected to a fluid outlet opening (3) downstream of the fluid inlet opening by a fluid passage (2) and with a valve closing body (6) which may be moved between a first position which opens the fluid outlet opening (3) and a second position closing the fluid outlet opening (3) by means of an actuator, said body being housed in the valve housing (1). According to the invention, pressure waves are avoided by at least one fluid drain channel (5) branching off the fluid passage (2) via at least one fluid drain opening (4) in the vicinity of the fluid outlet opening (3) and a device is provided in the valve housing for the alternate opening of the fluid drain opening (3) and the fluid outlet opening (4) such that fluid may continuously flow through the fluid passage (2).

Abstract: The invention relates to a device equipped with a burner for combusting a fuel/oxidant mixture inside a combustion chamber in which a material (3, 3?, 3?, 3??) is provided that endures a maximum temperature. The inventive device also comprises one or more supply lines (25, 26) for the fuel as well as for the oxidant which are provided for supplying the same into the combustion chamber. The inventive device is characterized in that it is designed for carrying out a combustion with a combustion temperature of the fuel/oxidant mixture that exceeds the maximum temperature. The device is designed in such a way that at least one additional supply line (30) is provided via which an additional gas having, in particular, a low calorific value can be supplied to the combustion chamber. Said additional gas enables the temperature during combustion to be lowered to a value that is less than the maximum temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the instantaneous rate of the mass flow of a flow of a fluid pulsating periodically at a frequency f, said method comprising the following steps: a) a pressure gradient in the flow over a certain period (P) is determined, b) the harmonic amplitude of the pressure gradient is calculated by means of Fourier transformation, c) the frequency f and the time t are converted into dimensionless numbers F, t and d) the rate of the mass flow is determined using a table from which at least one corresponding value describing the mass flow rate and/or a phase difference can be deduced for each dimensionless number F of the frequency f.

Abstract: The invention relates to a culture/exposure device for accommodating cultures (72), comprising a system for subjecting the accommodated culture (72) to the action of a gaseous medium. The inventive device also comprises a mechanical flow guide (40) provided with an entry (42) for introducing the gaseous medium into the flow guide (40) and with an exit opening (44) that discharges above the surface of the culture (72). The flow guide (40) forcibly guides the gaseous medium. The invention is characterized in that the inner surface of the exit opening (44) of the flow guide (40) opens in a trumpet-like manner in the direction of flow. In addition, an intake tube (74, 74?) having an intake opening (76) for drawing in the gaseous medium is connected to the flow guide (40) and is characterized in that the inner surface of its intake opening (76) opens in a trumpet-like manner counter to the direction of flow.

Abstract: A device for comminuting agglomerates of particles in a suspension is described. The device has a container for receiving the suspension and at least one piston which can be moved in the container in particular in a reciprocating manner in order to move a suspension between two spatial regions of a cylinder chamber of the container, the two spatial regions being connected together by at least one flow path for the suspension which defines a constriction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for adjusting the mixture of oxidation agent/fuel in the feeding pipe (22) of a burner. Said device comprises means (32, 12) for changing the composition of the oxidation agent/fuel mixture and a measuring instrument (2) for detecting the condition of the oxidation agent/fuel mixture and a circuit (28) for controlling said means (32, 12) for changing the composition on the basis of the condition detected by the measuring instrument. The invention is characterized in that the measuring instrument detects the condition of at least one partial mixture of the oxidation agent/fuel mixture via the viscosity or a function therefore before the combustion and that it is located upstream, in terms of the direction of flow, of the means (32, 12) for changing the composition.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring the flow velocity of gases. The sensor includes a printed circuit board (1) having an opening (2) formed therein. A pair of first contact elements are disposed on opposing sides of the opening on an upper side of the circuit board (1), and a pair of second contact elements are disposed on opposing sides of the opening on a lower side of the circuit board (1). A first wire (4) with end portions respectively connected to the first contact elements extends across the opening (2) on the upper side of the circuit board (1). A second wire (10) with end portions respectively connected to the second contact elements extends across the opening (2) on the lower side of the circuit board (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the combustion of liquid fuel (F), especially oil. Wherein the liquid fuel (F) is distributed by means of a distribution device (1) and directed to a downstream reactor with porous means (6) having a communicating pore volume, whose Pecler number allows for flame expansion and full combustion of the liquid fuel (F) inside the porous means (6).

Abstract: The treatment, for example the cleaning of holes or recesses in workpieces, is problematic when the holes or recesses have an opening width of below 0.5 mm, and especially when the latter do not penetrate the workpiece (blind bores). In known methods, gas bubbles adhering to the side-walls of holes of this type cannot be removed or liquids situated within the holes cannot be effectively exchanged. With the method according to the invention an effective exchange of the liquid contained in the holes and situated outwith the holes is made possible. For this purpose the liquid treatment means is sprayed as a jet into the holes, said jet having a diameter which is smaller than that of the holes. Furthermore, a device is described for carrying out this method which is characterised by a nozzle with one or several nozzle discharge openings with a diameter below 0.