Abstract: A high discharge rate electrochemical battery structure is disclosed as having a perforated disc electrode stack comprising pluralities of disc electrodes respectively connected to a pair of busbars. Each disc electrode has a tab with two fins which are bent at 90 degrees to the disc electrode. Each fin is inserted between two parts of the corresponding busbar and welded thereto. The design of the busbars and disc electrodes provides for redundancy of electrical contact, high thermal and electrical conductivity and improved resistance to mechanical shock.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell electrode such as the cathode element for a high energy density battery cell and its fabrication sequence are disclosed. Material such as finely-divided carbon particles is dispersed over the electrode surface during an ultrasonic energy assisted wet spraying process which produces very thin electrodes that are also low in fabrication cost and increased in uniformity and energy density capability. Fine particle material deposition on both a metal foil electrode and on an insulating member that is later joined to a metal foil electrode are contemplated.

Abstract: A getter electrode is provided to prevent dendrite formation and growth in electrochemical cells having alkali metal anodes such as lithium. The getter electrode includes a relatively thin, for example, about 2 mil thick layer of active material selected from the group consisting of carbon, graphite and mixtures thereof disposed on an inert substrate such as glass fiber separator paper. The getter electrode is positioned between the anode and the cathode in the cell and is separated from the anode and cathode by separators of fiberglass paper or the like. The getter electrode functions as a cathode with low rate capabilities. When dendrites arrive at the getter electrode from the anode or cathode, they are immediately discharged and not allowed to grow beyond the getter electrode. The result is a dramatic improvement in the cell cycle life and capacity retention.

Abstract: A liquid electrolyte solution is added to porous components of an electrochemical cell prior to assembly. The electrolyte solution is frozen and all the components are assembled into a sealed cell. The electrolyte solution is then allowed to melt.

Abstract: A battery has first and second polarity circular electrodes within a circular housing. At least one bipolar electrode is interposed between the first and second polarity circular electrodes. Porous separators are located between electrodes. The cell also includes an electrolyte solution. Electric current is coupled from the first and second cylindrical electrodes.

Abstract: A mechanical component for electrochemical batteries having porous members. A disc has two or more circular grooves in one side. The grooves are intended to accept the porous members and an electrode member of the battery. The opposite side of the disc has one or more radial channels which intersect with the circular grooves. When used in a battery, the component facilitates distribution of electrolyte, while also minimizing electrolyte leakage between cells.

Abstract: A reserve cell has a cylindrical housing with a closed end. A cylindrical battery stack is located within the housing, surrounding a cell component container and separated from the closed end by a channeled ring. A disc is located with the ring for transmitting pressure from the closed end of the container.

Abstract: An electrochemical reserve cell includes a cylindrical housing a concentric arrangement of a liquid cell component container, a metal anode, a porous separator, and a porous carbon element. The metal anode is cylindrical with a spiral slot extending between its ends and is pressed into a perforated anode support cylinder having adjacent edges welded together. The anode and anode support structure are interlocked together.

Abstract: A reserve cell has cylindrical electrodes surrounding a cell component container, all in a cylindrical housing. A shim has a circular groove accepting one end of an electrode and a socket holding one end of the container. The outer edge of the shim abuts the inner wall of the housing. This arrangement maintains spatial relationships of the cell.

Abstract: A electrochemical cell has a generally cylindrical battery stack comprised of disc-shaped components including atlernating first polarity electrodes and second polarity electrodes. Pairs of first polarity electrodes are coupled by ring-shaped couling members. The coupling members include radial channels such as grooves which allow the passage of a liquid cell component from a central well into the battery stack.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell has a generally cylindrical battery stack comprised of disc-shaped components including alternating first polarity electrodes and second polarity electrodes. Adjacent first polarity electrodes are coupled by ring-shaped coupling members. The coupling members are made of porous metal which allows the passage of a liquid cell component from a central well into the battery stack.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell of the type having a lithium anode and a cathode current collector wetted by an electrolyte solution of thionyl chloride and lithium tetrachloroaluminate is treated before storage by applying a reverse current sufficient to deposit lithium on the surface of the anode.

Abstract: A type of electrochemical cell has elements wound in a coil and inserted in a sealed can. One element has a metal substrate carrying a plurality of holes. The metal substrate supports layers of an electrode material such as porous carbon. Both edges and one end of the substrate is kept free of the material. The bare end of the substrate is on the outside of the coil. The substrate is wider than other elements of the coil, so that when the coil is inserted in the can, the substrate makes contact with all the internal surfaces of the can.

Abstract: A type of electrochemical cell has two electrode structure elements wound in a coil and inserted in a sealed can. The electrode structures are separated by a porous insulating sheet. One electrode structure has a metal substrate carrying a plurality of holes. The metal substrate supports layers of an electrode material such as porous carbon. Both edges and one end of the substrate is kept free of the material. The bare end of the substrate is on the outside of the coil. The substrate and porous insulating sheets are wider than the other electrode structures, so that when the coil is inserted in the can, the substrate and the porous insulating sheet makes contact with the top and bottom internal surfaces of the can.

Abstract: Trichlorotrifluoromethane is used as a vehicle to apply carbon and a binder to a substrate. Carbon black and tetrafluoroethylene are suspended in liquid trichlorotrifluoroethane to form a slurry. A layer of the slurry is deposited on a substrate. The trichlorofluoromethane is evaporated leaving a porous residue of carbon and tetrafluoroethylene on the substrate.

Abstract: Electrochemical cell having at least two battery stacks each including an electrode assembly wound on a spool. Each electrode assembly includes two elongated electrode structures, an anode electrode structure and a cathode current collector structure. The electrode structures are wound around the center post of the spool with the anode electrode structure making contact with one of the conductive flanges of the spool and the cathode current collector structure making electrical contact with the other conductive flange of the spool. The flanges in contact with the anode structures of the battery stacks are connected to one external terminal of the cell, and the flanges in contact with the cathode current collector structures of the battery stacks are connected to another external terminal of the cell.

Abstract: An electrode assembly adaptor to be wound on a spool to provide a battery stack for an electrochemical cell. The spool has a central post of insulating material and two conductive flanges. The electrode assembly includes two elongated electrode structures, an anode electrode structure and a cathode current collector electrode structure. Each electrode structure includes a metal substrate having deflective, resilient contact tabs spaced along one edge. An appropriate electrode material is adherent to the substrate. The electrode assembly of the two electrode structures with intervening insulating material is adapted to be wound around the post of the spool with the contact tabs of the anode electrode structure making contact with one of the flanges and with the contact tabs of the cathode current collector electrode structure making contact with the other flange.

Abstract: Electrochemical cell having a battery stack of an electrode assembly wound on a spool. The electrode assembly includes two elongated electrode structures, an anode electrode structure and a cathode current collector structure. The spool has a central post of insulating material and two conductive flanges. The two electrode structures are wound around the post with insulating material between them, the anode electrode structure making contact with one of the flanges and the cathode current collector structure making contact with the other flange.

Abstract: A battery stack has a plurality of inner frames and a plurality of outer frames. Pairs of inner and outer rings are connected by a web of porous insulating material which separates battery plates. The frames are fused together forming a unity housing with an inner electrolyte well.

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention, an electrochemical reserve cell is assembled by arranging within a cylindrical housing a concentric arrangement of a container, a lithium sheet, a porous separator, and a porous carbon element. The container holds a quantity of electrolyte solute which may be either a salt or dissolved in a solvent. A quantity of liquid cathode solvent is inserted in the housing but outside the centrally located container. Electrical contact is made between the lithium sheet and a cap terminal and the housing is sealed completing the assembly.To activate the cell, the container is broken, allowing its contents to mix with the solvent.