Abstract: The invention concerns a method for generating calibration signals for calibrating spatially remote signal branches of antenna systems. In accordance with the invention, a base signal is generated by mean of a timer and is fed to a distributor unit for distribution of the base signal to amplifier circuits on the signal distribution lines respectively allocated to them. At the output of the amplifier circuits, a calibration signal is generated respectively via amplification of the base signal within a specifiable upper amplitude limit and a specifiable lower amplitude limit, which is fed to the respective feed-in point of the signal branch to be calibrated that is allocated to an amplifier circuit.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for generating calibration signals for calibrating spatially remote signal branches of antenna systems. In accordance with the invention, a base signal is generated by mean of a timer and is fed to a distributor unit for distribution of the base signal to amplifier circuits on the signal distribution lines respectively allocated to them. At the output of the amplifier circuits, a calibration signal is generated respectively via amplification of the base signal within a specifiable upper amplitude limit and a specifiable lower amplitude limit, which is fed to the respective feed-in point of the signal branch to be calibrated that is allocated to an amplifier circuit.

Abstract: A method for determining a frequency of a signal includes transforming the analog signal to the complex frequency range through a digital filtering, preferably a FFT, so that result vectors with amplitude and phase components are generated in the frequency range. As a result, a continuous sequence of transformation intervals (FFT intervals) develops within a measuring interval that can be predetermined. Subsequently, pairs of result vectors, which belong to the same predetermined frequency, are selected from predetermined transformation intervals (FFT intervals). Associated phase differences are then formed from which a weighted phase difference is determined. The weighted phase difference is used to correct the signal frequency determined from the amplitude spectrum. This method permits very accurate frequency measuring, especially for pulsed HF signals.

Abstract: A direction-finding method for determining an incident angle of a high-frequency electromagnetic signal in a system including at least two receiving antennas spaced apart by a known distance. the antenna output signals of the at least two receiving antennas are converted, together (in accordance with a multiplexing procedure) or individually, into the frequency domain through a Fourier transformation, followed by a conversion into an IF range and an A/D conversion. In this range, the phase difference between the output signals is determined and the signal frequency of the incident wave is determined through a phase-sequence analysis. The incident angle of the incident wave is determined from the phase difference and the signal frequency.

Abstract: A method for detecting a pulsed usable signal that particularly includes the highest frequencies and possesses a poor signal/noise ratio. First an analog, frequency-limited input signal that corresponds to the usable signal to be detected is formed from the analog input signal through analog filtering. This signal is then converted into a series of digital phase values through a phase/digital converter. First phase difference values are formed from these digital phase values by parallel or serial signal processing, and second phase difference valves are formed from these first difference values. Absolute values of the second difference values are then supplied via a digital low-pass filter to a comparator having hysteresis. There, an output signal that can be digitally utilized and corresponds to the pulsed usable signal is formed by predeterminable threshold values.

Abstract: A direction-finding method for determining an incident angle of a high-frequency electromagnetic signal in a system including at least two receiving antennas spaced apart by a known distance. the antenna output signals of the at least two receiving antennas are converted, together (in accordance with a multiplexing procedure) or individually, into the frequency domain through a Fourier transformation, followed by a conversion into an IF range and an A/D conversion. In this range, the phase difference between the output signals is determined and the signal frequency of the incident wave is determined through a phase-sequence analysis. The incident angle of the incident wave is determined from the phase difference and the signal frequency.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the silylation of very finely divided inorganic oxides, in which the very finely divided inorganic oxides are treated with at least one silylating agent which is relatively nonvolatile in the temperature range of the overall process, with the proviso that the relatively nonvolatile silylating agent is admixed with the very finely divided inorganic oxides as a liquid, in the form of a very finely atomized aerosol. Furthermore, the invention relates to a highly apolar, pyrogenic silica prepared by this process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the silylation of very finely divided inorganic oxides, in which the very finely divided inorganic oxides are treated with at least one silylating agent which is relatively nonvolatile in the temperature range of the overall process, with the proviso that the relatively nonvolatile silylating agent is admixed with the very finely divided inorganic oxides as a liquid, in the form of a very finely atomized aerosol. Furthermore, the invention relates to a highly apolar, pyrogenic silica prepared by this process.

Abstract: A refrigeration unit, especially a refrigerator or the like, includes a useful space. At least one container at least partially occupies the useful space for storing perishables. A device lowers pressure prevailing in the at least one container by partial aspiration of a remaining air volume surrounding the perishables. A device fills the at least one container with a gas atmosphere for increasing the storage life of the stored perishables.

Abstract: A tester generates test signals for tested units at high speed. At its connecting elements to which the unit under test is connected, the tester emits patterns of test signals, or receives output signals from the unit under test, and compares the same to the test signals. For the purpose of generating the test signals, a respective test generator is assigned to each connecting element, the test signals assigned to the connecting element being stored in coded form in the test signal generators. The coded test signals are addressed by an address control, the test signals to be emitted in the coded form over the connecting element or to be compared to output signals emitted by the unit under test. The test signal generator comprises a memory in which the coded test signals are stored and a decoder which assigns the test signal stored in the memory to the connecting element either in decoded form or unaltered.

Abstract: When testing a unit under test, for example, a card module, check characters must be transmitted to the unit under test from the tester via connector elements. One selection device per connector element is provided in order to be able to transmit the correct check character over the correct connector element. Each selection device contains addresses of the check characters which are to be transmitted over the allocated connector element in an address register. During the test event, the assistance of a comparison device is employed in order to determine whether the addresses contained in the address register coincide with the addresses of check characters which are supplied by an input bus. Given equality, the allocated test signal is transmitted to the connector element. When a plurlity of check characters are allocated to one address, one of the check characters can be selected and transmitted to the connector element with the assistance of a multiplexer given equality of the addresses.

Abstract: The invention relates to 1-phenyl-4-amino-cyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylic-acid-esters of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be the same or different and may be H, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkenyl, preferably with 1 to 4 C-atoms, aralkyl which may be bonded to each other, in which connection the heterocyclic system formed may be substituted further by the OH- group and where attachment takes place by an oxygen or a nitrogen atom, if desired, which in its turn carries an H, alkyl with 1 to 4 C-atoms, aryl which may be substituted by chlorine, preferably in 3 or 4-position, and by methoxy, preferably in 2 or 4-position, acyl, preferably alkanoyl with 1 to 4 C-atoms, and aroyl, or aralkyl, and R.sub.3 represents an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 C-atoms, the salts thereof and quarternary ammonium compounds, and a process for their preparation. These compounds have analgesic and neuroleptic properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new thymol derivatives with strong sympatholytic effect and low toxicity and to a process for their preparation.These novel thymol derivatives have the following general formula: ##SPC1##Wherein R is an alkyl group of 4 to 11 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group R'--O-- wherein R' is an alkyl group of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

Abstract: The invention relates to 1-phenyl-4-amino-cyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylic-acid-esters of the general formula I ##SPC1##wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be the same or different and may be H, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkenyl, preferably with 1 to 4 C-atoms, aralkyl which may be bonded to each other, in which connection the heterocyclic system formed may be substituted further by the OH-- group and where attachment takes place by an oxygen or a nitrogen atom, if desired, which in its turn carries an H, alkyl with 1 to 4 C-atoms, aryl which may be substituted by chlorine, preferably in 3 or 4-position, and by methoxy, preferably in 2 or 4-position, acyl, preferably alkanoyl with 1 to 4 C-atoms, and aroyl, or aralkyl, and R.sub.3 represents an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 C-atoms, the salts thereof and quarternary ammonium compounds, and a process for their preparation. These compounds have analgesic and neuroleptic properties.