Abstract: A continuous casting plant in particular for long steel products is provided with a mould (1), from which a cast strand (2) is continuously cast. The cast strand (2) is guided along a, in particular curved, guideway formed by guide rollers (11, 12, 13, 14) arranged one after the other, and at the same time in a cooling chamber having spray members. The guide rollers (12, 13, 14) and/or the spray members are contained in a plurality of centring modules (10) or spray modules (3) arranged one after the other and are adjustable in a controlled manner substantially concentrically with respect to the desired axis of the cast strand. As a result, on the one hand, the risk of thermally overloading the rollers and damaging the strand surface is considerably reduced and symmetrical cooling is ensured.

Abstract: A mold for the continuous casting of blooms, slabs or billets is provided with a mold tube (2) and a supporting shell (4) surrounding said mold tube. The mold tube (2) is supported by support profiles (15) on the supporting shell (4) extending in its longitudinal direction and distributed over the periphery and is positively connected thereto via connecting profiles (20) extending in the longitudinal direction. The connecting profiles (20) are respectively configured as profile strips (21, 22) outwardly projecting from the outer periphery of the mold tube (2) and inwardly projecting from the inner periphery of the supporting shell (4), which engage in one another such that in the peripheral direction of the mold a clearance is present. As a result, the stresses, permanent deformation and fatigue cracks produced by the thermal expansion in the mold tube are substantially avoided.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for the continuous casting of preliminary steel sections, the liquid or molten steel is introduced substantially vertically into an open-ended die. The cross section of the cavity of the die is made up of a web part and one or more flange parts, for example, such as in preliminary double-T sections. The liquid core of the strand of the preliminary section is set in agitating motions transversely to the direction of continuous casting by selectively using electromagnetically-induced forces in the regions of the flange parts and/or of the web part. The agitating motions have the effect of exchanging the liquid steel in the molten crater of the strand of the preliminary section in and between flange parts and the web part.

Abstract: A continuous casting plant in particular for long steel products is provided with a mould (1), from which a cast strand (2) is continuously cast. The cast strand (2) is guided along a, in particular curved, guideway formed by guide rollers (11, 12, 13, 14) arranged one after the other, and at the same time in a cooling chamber having spray members. The guide rollers (12, 13, 14) and/or the spray members are contained in a plurality of centring modules (10) or spray modules (3) arranged one after the other and are adjustable in a controlled manner substantially concentrically with respect to the desired axis of the cast strand. As a result, on the one hand, the risk of thermally overloading the rollers and damaging the strand surface is considerably reduced and symmetrical cooling is ensured.

Abstract: In a process for producing steel long products by continuous casting of steel to form billet and bloom strands (5) and subsequent rolling of said billet and bloom strands, the liquid steel is cast in a continuous-casting permanent mould (3). The cast billet and bloom strands (5) are fed substantially without subsequent heating directly to a roll train (20). This makes the design of the plant more simple, and more cost-effective operation is made possible.

Abstract: A mould for the continuous casting of blooms, slabs or billets is provided with a mould tube (2) and a supporting shell (4) surrounding said mould tube. The mould tube (2) is supported by support profiles (15) on the supporting shell (4) extending in its longitudinal direction and distributed over the periphery and is positively connected thereto via connecting profiles (20) extending in the longitudinal direction. The connecting profiles (20) are respectively configured as profile strips (21, 22) outwardly projecting from the outer periphery of the mould tube (2) and inwardly projecting from the inner periphery of the supporting shell (4), which engage in one another such that in the peripheral direction of the mould a clearance is present. As a result, the stresses, permanent deformation and fatigue cracks produced by the thermal expansion in the mould tube are substantially avoided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous casting installation, for example for steel billet and bloom formats having substantially rectangular or circular cross-section. The invention improves the strand structure in the corner areas, to avoid rhomboidity, cracks and dimensional imperfections of the strand cross-section while achieving a high throughput capacity per strand and reducing investment and running costs. The fillets of the groove curvatures in the die cavity amount to a proportion of the length of the side of the strand cross-section. The degree of curvature 1/R of the groove curvatures decreases in the direction of the strand at least along at least partial length of the entire casting die, thereby achieving gap elimination between the casting shell and the casting die wall and/or a targeted casting shell shaping in the area of the groove curvature.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for the continuous casting of preliminary steel sections, the liquid or molten steel is introduced substantially vertically into an open-ended die. The cross section of the cavity of the die is made up of a web part and one or more flange parts, for example, such as in preliminary double-T sections. The liquid core of the strand of the preliminary section is set in agitating motions transversely to the direction of continuous casting by selectively using electromagnetically-induced forces in the regions of the flange parts and/or of the web part. The agitating motions have the effect of exchanging the liquid steel in the molten crater of the strand of the preliminary section in and between flange parts and the web part.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous casting installation, for example for steel billet and bloom formats having substantially rectangular or circular cross-section. The invention improves the strand structure in the corner areas, to avoid rhomboidity, cracks and dimensional imperfections of the strand cross-section while achieving a high throughput capacity per strand and reducing investment and running costs. The fillets of the groove curvatures in the die cavity amount to a proportion of the length of the side of the strand cross-section. The degree of curvature 1/R of the groove curvatures decreases in the direction of the strand at least along at least partial length of the entire casting die, thereby achieving gap elimination between the casting shell and the casting die wall and/or a targeted casting shell shaping in the area of the groove curvature.

Abstract: In the continuous casting of round or polygonal billet and bloom formats, use is made of moulds the mould cavity of which comprises a copper tube (3) which is intensively cooled by means of water-circulation cooling. In order to increase the cooling capacity on the one hand and the dimensional stability of the mould cavity (4) on the other hand, and also extend the total service life of the copper tube (3), it is proposed to provide the copper tube (3) with a supporting shell (12) or supporting plates over the entire circumference at the tube outer lateral surface (5). For the cooling of the copper tube (3), cooling ducts (6) for guiding the cooling water are arranged on the copper tube (3) or on the supporting shell (12). The cooling ducts (6) are distributed over the entire circumference at the tube outer lateral surface (5) and extend substantially over the entire mould length.

Abstract: A die cavity of a casting die, such as for continuously casting billets, blooms and blanks. The die cavity has a cross-section with a partially curved peripheral line, whereby, with the cavity walls cooled, provides improved heat exchange between a forming strand shell and the die cavity wall, thus avoiding solidification defects in the strand shell. The degree of curvature 1/R is reduced at least on part of the curved peripheral line of the corner regions from peripheral lines of the same corner regions, that are successive in the casting direction, and at least over part of the length of the die, in the concave corner regions of the die cavity, in order to control the targeted closure of the gap between the strand shell and the cooled die cavity, or a targeted strand shell deformation.

Abstract: A die cavity of a casting die, such as for continuously casting billets, blooms and blanks. The die cavity has a cross-section with a partially curved peripheral line, whereby, with the cavity walls cooled, provides improved heat exchange between a forming strand shell and the die cavity wall, thus avoiding solidification defects in the strand shell. The degree of curvature 1/R is reduced at least on part of the curved peripheral line of the corner regions from peripheral lines of the same corner regions, that are successive in the casting direction, and at least over part of the length of the die, in the concave corner regions of the die cavity, in order to control the targeted closure of the gap between the strand shell and the cooled die cavity, or a targeted strand shell deformation.

Abstract: In the continuous casting of round or polygonal billet and bloom formats, use is made of moulds the mould cavity of which comprises a copper tube (3) which is intensively cooled by means of water-circulation cooling. In order to increase the cooling capacity on the one hand and the dimensional stability of the mould cavity (4) on the other hand, and also extend the total service life of the copper tube (3), it is proposed to provide the copper tube (3) with a supporting shell (12) or supporting plates over the entire circumference at the tube outer lateral surface (5). For the cooling of the copper tube (3), cooling ducts (6) for guiding the cooling water are arranged on the copper tube (3) or on the supporting shell (12). The cooling ducts (6) are distributed over the entire circumference at the tube outer lateral surface (5) and extend substantially over the entire mould length.

Abstract: In a friction coupling comprising a shaft, a hub surrounding the shaft, a coupling sleeve disposed between the shaft and the hub, the coupling sleeve having an elastic hollow wall defining an internal cavity and comprising radially inner and outer peripheral wall portions respecitvely facing the shaft and the hub, and fluid under pressure in the cavity to force the peripheral wall portions against the shaft and the hub under a pressure sufficient for transmitting a torque between the shaft and the hub by the coupling sleeve, torque transmission is assured with a coupling sleeve consisting of a flexible tube composed of an assembly of a plurality of joined I-section strips, each strip having two transverse web portions and an interconnecting vertical web portion, the transverse web portions being joined to form the peripheral wall portions of the coupling sleeve and the vertical wall portions constituting load-carrying partitions in the internal cavity for transmitting peripheral forces between the shaft and t