Abstract: The invention relates to an emission tip assembly (100) on high-voltage electrodes for charging or discharging substrates, comprising at least one emission tip (1) and a carrier body (7) comprised of an insulating material, which has at least one high-resistance series resistor (13), wherein the at least one emission tip (1) can be connected to a high-voltage connection (14) by means of the series resistor (13).

Abstract: The invention relates to an emission tip assembly (100) on high-voltage electrodes for charging or discharging substrates, comprising at least one emission tip (1) and a carrier body (7) comprised of an insulating material, which has at least one high-resistance series resistor (13), wherein the at least one emission tip (1) can be connected to a high-voltage connection (14) by means of the series resistor (13).

Abstract: A device for determination of solid particle concentration includes a primary diluter (6), a downstream heated evaporator (7), a secondary diluter (8) downstream of the evaporator (7) and a particle counter (5). The secondary diluter (8) is a porous tube diluter and is mounted between the outlet of the evaporator (7) and a stabilization chamber (14), from which the sample flow is diverted to the particle counter (5).

Abstract: An impression roller for gravure printing for use with an electrostatic printing aid, including an axis member or a shaft, joined axially to a steel core, an electrical inner insulating layer extending radially around the core, an electrically semi-conductive outer layer adjoining the outside of the impression layer, and an electrically highly conductive conductor layer arranged between the two. The conductor layer is encapsulated in an electrically insulated exterior. The impression roller is provided with an electric or electronic encapsulated circuit electrically insulated from the outside and having two poles, which is of low resistance in normal operation when the electric current flows from its positive pole to its negative pole and is of high resistance when the flow direction is opposite. The inner pole and outer pole of the circuit are connected to the conductor layer by an inner and outer connection of the impression roller respectively.

Abstract: Liquid and/or particle-shaped impurities are precipitated from a stream of gas, for example, from a stream of gas that originates from a crankcase of an internal combustion engine and is directed to the engine's intake side. The stream of gas is passed through a gas discharge section between two electrodes. The stream of gas is passed between an emission electrode which is formed by electrode tips and an opposing electrode at a distance therefrom. A direct voltage which exceeds the breakdown voltage is applied to the electrodes using a direct current high voltage source, and the current which occurs over the gas discharge section between the electrodes is limited. A stable low energy direct current plasma is formed in the space between the two electrodes. The impurities are electrically charged and attracted to the opposing electrode by means of electrical field forces.

Abstract: A device for the dilution of a gas to be analyzed with a dilution gas has a sample gas tube (1) and a feed (3) for the dilution gas, which open into a common line (6) for the diluted gas to be analyzed. In order that even with large pulsatile pressures in the gas to be analyzed at the sample point no return flow of dilution air into the line of the gas to be analyzed and no uncontrolled temperature change of this gas can occur, the feed (3) for the dilution gas in the form similar to a Venturi jet (7) merges into the common line (6), the sample gas tube (1) is embodied so as to be thermally insulated with respect to the ambient air and dilution air and opens into the Venturi jet (7) just before the location with the smallest cross section.

Abstract: Liquid and/or particle-shaped impurities are precipitated from a stream of gas, for example, from a stream of gas that originates from a crankcase of an internal combustion engine and is directed to the engine's intake side. The stream of gas is passed through a gas discharge section between two electrodes. The stream of gas is passed between an emission electrode which is formed by electrode tips and an opposing electrode at a distance therefrom. A direct voltage which exceeds the breakdown voltage is applied to the electrodes using a direct current high voltage source, and the current which occurs over the gas discharge section between the electrodes is limited. A stable low energy direct current plasma is formed in the space between the two electrodes. The impurities are electrically charged and attracted to the opposing electrode by means of electrical field forces.

Abstract: An impression roller for gravure printing for use with an electrostatic printing aid, including an axis member or a shaft, joined axially to a steel core, an electrical inner insulating layer extending radially around the core, an electrically semi-conductive outer layer adjoining the outside of the impression layer, and an electrically highly conductive conductor layer arranged between the two. The conductor layer is encapsulated in an electrically insulated exterior. The impression roller is provided with an electric or electronic encapsulated circuit electrically insulated from the outside and having two poles, which is of low resistance in normal operation when the electric current flows from its positive pole to its negative pole and is of high resistance when the flow direction is opposite. The inner pole and outer pole of the circuit are connected to the conductor layer by an inner and outer connection of the impression roller respectively.

Abstract: A device for determination of solid particle concentration includes a pre-diluter (6), a downstream heated evaporator (7), a secondary diluter (8) downstream of the evaporator (7) and a particle counter (5) connected to such. The secondary diluter (8) is a porous tube diluter and mounted between the outlet of the evaporator (7) and a stabilization chamber (14), from which the sample flow is branched off for the particle counter (5). With it, the concentration of the solid particles can be measured easily and controllably within a wide range without any corruption as a result of volatile aerosol particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus replacing atmospheric oxygen with an inert gas such as N2 from the minimum of one laminar air boundary layer of substrates moving in the direction of advance, for instance fast moving lines of material fitted with a first chamber which is only open toward the said substrate and otherwise is sealed off by the surrounding outer space, said first chamber comprising in the zone of its front sealing edge, transversely to the direction of advance, a front corona electrode fed with high DC voltage and associated with a front mate electrode on the other substrate side, and a further corona electrode on the same substrate side mounted on a further sealing edge transverse to the direction of advance, said further corona electrode being fed with high DC voltage and being associated with a further mate electrode on the other substrate side, and including a device feeding the said inert gas.

Abstract: A measuring chamber for photo-acoustical sensors for the continuous measurement of radiation-absorbing substances, in particular of radiation-absorbing particles, in gaseous samples includes at least one entry and at least one exit for the samples, a tube section with microphone that allows for the flow-through of the sample in longitudinal direction, and at least one entry and exit point for a laser beam that is aligned with the tube section, and whereby these entry and exit points are both arranged at a distance from the measuring tube by at least one chamber with a cross-sectional area that is expanded relative to the tube section.

Abstract: A measuring chamber for photo-acoustical sensors for the continuous measurement of radiation-absorbing substances, in particular of radiation-absorbing particles, in gaseous samples includes at least one entry and at least one exit for the samples, a tube section with microphone that allows for the flow-through of the sample in longitudinal direction, and at least one entry and exit point for a laser beam that is aligned with the tube section, and whereby these entry and exit points are both arranged at a distance from the measuring tube by at least one chamber with a cross-sectional area that is expanded relative to the tube section.

Abstract: A device for moistening a material web moved in the transport direction, is preferably used for re-moistening a paper or textile web dried after printing by means of spray device for spraying a water fog onto the material web under the influence of an electrostatic field produced by a device for electrostatic charging. The device includes a reversing roller provided in the transport direction upstream of the spray device for deflecting the material web. The reversing roller has associated with it a device designed as a corona-charging electrode for electrostatic charging and the spray device has two water spray heads located on both sides of the material web.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus replacing atmospheric oxygen with an inert gas such as N2 from the minimum of one laminar air boundary layer of substrates moving in the direction of advance, for instance fast moving lines of material fitted with a first chamber which is only open toward the said substrate and otherwise is sealed off by the surrounding outer space, said first chamber comprising in the zone of its front sealing edge, transversely to the direction of advance, a front corona electrode fed with high DC voltage and associated with a front mate electrode on the other substrate side, and a further corona electrode on the same substrate side mounted on a further sealing edge transverse to the direction of advance, said further corona electrode being fed with high DC voltage and being associated with a further mate electrode on the other substrate side, and including a device feeding the said inert gas.

Abstract: The invention is a method and a device for blocking a stack of stacked objects. A device for blocking in accordance with the invention includes two opposed side walls which engage the stack, a pressing device which has at least two pressing elements opposite one another which contact the stack, between which elements of the stack are compressed while contacting the side walls, and charging electrodes which charge the stack, and wherein the charging electrodes are located in at least one of the pressing elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrostatic printing aid to assist with the transfer of printing ink that contains flammable solvents during printing with a high-voltage generator for generating an electrostatic high voltage and with a voltage device to transfer the high voltage onto a web to be printed that is in contact with a printing cylinder or plate, characterized in that the high-voltage generator is equipped with an output limiter and in that the voltage transfer device comprises slip rings, slip ring brushes, contact rollers or springs, and/or electrically conductive roller or ball bearings.

Abstract: The invention concerns an active discharge electrode (5) for minimizing positive and/or negative charges on moving material webs. The active discharge electrode (5) comprises a plurality of needle-shaped individual electrodes (8) which are disposed mutually parallel and can be connected to a high-voltage source, preferably a high-voltage transformer. The active discharge electrode (5) further comprises at least one earthing conductor (11) extending at right angles to and along the plurality of individual electrodes (8).

Abstract: The invention is a device which electrostatically charges external sides of at least one moving web. The invention includes a pair of rollers, each roller having an outer coating of limited electrical conductivity and an inner core in contact with the outer coating with the outer coating of each roller being spaced apart to define a gap through which the at least one moving web passes so that the outer coating of each roller contacts one of the external sides of the at least one web to transfer electrical charge from the outer surface coating to the moving web; and a high voltage power supply which applies electrical charge to the outer coating with one polarity of the power supply being grounded and electrically connected to a part of the core and another polarity of the power supply being electrically connected to a corona charging electrode which transfers the electrical charge to the outer coating of each roller.

Abstract: A measuring device is proposed to measure the gas pressure of an atmosphere, whereby the measuring device is provided with a sensor to measure the pressure located in the interior of a housing which encloses the sensor. In addition a unit to control the measuring device and to evaluate the signals as well as a supply unit are installed in this housing. The housing itself is sealed off against the surrounding atmosphere and is provided with contacts on the housing for the exchange of data between the measuring device and a unit for the evaluation of measured values connected to it. The contacts are provided at the same time to ensure that the unit for the evaluation of the signal of the pressure sensor can be supplied with control signals from outside the housing.

Abstract: A device for removing the gaseous laminar boundary layer from at least one of the two sides of a material web moved in transport direction preferably at high speed, for example said web being made of paper, characterized by at least one corona-charging electrode provided with at least one elongate tip, and connectable to a positive (+U) or negative high-voltage source, and characterized by at least one counterelectrode associated with the latter and connectable to a negative (−U) or positive high voltage or ground, with corona-charging electrode on the side of material web having the boundary layer to be removed, and the associated counterelectrode being located on the other side.