Abstract: A two-stroke internal combustion engine comprises a first cylinder and a second cylinder arranged on a common axis. A first piston pair comprises a first piston and a second piston located in the first cylinder and defining a first combustion chamber. The first piston and the second piston of the first piston pair move in opposite directions within the first cylinder. A second piston pair comprises a first piston and a second piston located in the second cylinder and defining a second combustion chamber. The first piston and the second piston of the second piston pair move in opposite directions within the second cylinder. The first piston of the first piston pair is connected to the second piston of the second piston pair by a first connecting rod. The second piston of the first piston pair is connected to the first piston of the second piston pair by a second connecting rod. A fuel supply is connected to at least one of the first cylinder or the second cylinder.

Abstract: A two-stroke internal combustion engine comprises a first cylinder and a second cylinder arranged on a common axis. A first piston pair comprises a first piston and a second piston located in the first cylinder and defining a first combustion chamber. The first piston and the second piston of the first piston pair move in opposite directions within the first cylinder. A second piston pair comprises a first piston and a second piston located in the second cylinder and defining a second combustion chamber. The first piston and the second piston of the second piston pair move in opposite directions within the second cylinder. The first piston of the first piston pair is connected to the second piston of the second piston pair by a first connecting rod. The second piston of the first piston pair is connected to the first piston of the second piston pair by a second connecting rod. A fuel supply is connected to at least one of the first cylinder or the second cylinder.

Abstract: A piston internal combustion engine with at least one gas exhaust valve (2) for each cylinder (1), which is actuated by an actuator (7), in particular an electromagnetic actuator, controlled by a fully variable engine control unit (15). Based on the predetermined operating cycle, the valve can close off the cylinder interior space against a gas exhaust channel (13) that follows the valve seat (3) of the exhaust valve. This channel is connected to an exhaust gas system and is provided with a means for example a constriction (14) for reducing the pressure gradient during the start of the opening of the gas exhaust valve (2). A specific pressure fluctuation is used for a further reduction in the pressure gradient behind the exhaust valves during the opening through a corresponding layout of the pipe geometry and the container volumes in the exhaust gas system or corresponding installed components.

Abstract: A piston internal combustion engine with at least one gas exhaust valve (2) for each cylinder (1), which is actuated by an actuator (7), in particular an electromagnetic actuator, controlled by a fully variable engine control unit (15). Based on the predetermined operating cycle, the valve can close off the cylinder interior space against a gas exhaust channel (13) that follows the valve seat (3) of the exhaust valve. This channel is connected to an exhaust gas system and is provided with a means for example a constriction (14) for reducing the pressure gradient during the start of the opening of the gas exhaust valve (2). A specific pressure fluctuation is used for a further reduction in the pressure gradient behind the exhaust valves during the opening through a corresponding layout of the pipe geometry and the container volumes in the exhaust gas system or corresponding installed components.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator for actuating a gas-exchange valve in a reciprocating internal combustion engine, the electromagnetic actuator comprising: an armature which is operatively connected to the gas-exchange valve; two electromagnets, each having a pole face; two oppositely oriented restoring springs; wherein the armature is guided in a reciprocating manner counter to the force of the two oppositely oriented restoring springs between the pole faces of the two electromagnets whose current supply can be controlled by a control device, the two electromagnets being disposed in mutual spacing and acting as opening and closing devices; and at least one additional mass which is associated with the gas-exchange valve and can be guided so that it is movable relative thereto and in the same direction of the gas-exchange valve, the at least one additional mass entering into operative connection with the gas-exchange valve, in the final phase of the armature's motion in the direction of a respective one of the two

Abstract: A method of initiating motion of at least one of cylinder valve of a cylinder of a reciprocating engine, with each cylinder valve being actuated by an electromagnetic actuator having an electrical closing magnet and an electrical opening magnet, between which magnets an armature that is connected to the cylinder valve to be actuated is movably guided back and forth, counter to the forces of restoring springs, and with the alternating current supply to the closing magnet and the opening magnet being controlled by an electrical engine control. The natural frequency of the spring-mass system formed by the restoring springs and the armature with the cylinder valve is stored in the electrical engine control. The instantaneous rpm and position of the crankshaft with respect to a dead center point position and with reference to the stored natural frequency are detected by the engine control.

Abstract: An actuator for moving a setting member includes a force-generating device; a transmitting member for transmitting a force from the force-generating device to the setting member; a carrier spaced from the transmitting member; and first and second suspension elements spaced from one another parallel to the direction of motion of the transmitting member and being attached to the carrier and the transmitting member for supporting and frictionlessly guiding the transmitting member in motions thereof.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine includes an engine cylinder having an axis, a cylinder top and a cylinder chamber; a piston slidably received in the cylinder and bordering the cylinder chamber; an intake valve, an exhaust valve and an ignition device arranged at the cylinder top; and a fuel injection nozzle arranged at the cylinder top and opening into the cylinder chamber at a location adjoining the exhaust valve.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator, particularly for operating a cylinder valve of an internal-combustion engine, includes an electromagnet for generating an attracting electromagnetic force; an armature movable into contact with and away from the electromagnet; a spring arrangement connected to the armature and opposing the electromagnetic force; and a sound muffling device attached to the electromagnet for reducing sound transmission by body vibration from the electromagnet.

Abstract: A method of operating a cylinder valve of an internal-combustion engine with an electromagnetic actuator for moving the cylinder valve into opposite open and closed valve end positions includes the steps of energizing an electromagnet of the actuator for generating an electromagnetic force for moving an armature of the actuator toward a pole face of the electromagnet against the force of a return spring; after the armature enters a zone adjacent the pole face of the electromagnet, applying to the armature an additional force opposing the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet; dimensioning the additional force such that an equilibrium between the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet and the increased opposing force of the return spring is situated at a location shortly before the armature enters into engagement with the pole face of the electromagnet; and after the armature reaches the location of force equilibrium, controlling a current supply to the electromagnet such that the armature reaches the

Abstract: A method for a controlling cylinder valve drive in a piston-type internal combustion engine includes the steps of detecting vibration signals generated during operation by the cylinder valve drive or the cylinder valve, and actuating the cylinder valve drive in dependence on a value of the detected vibration signals which corresponds to the impact time or impact speed of the cylinder valves.

Abstract: A method of measuring a valve play in a reciprocating valve. The valve has open and closed positions and is operated by an electromagnetic actuator which includes an opening electromagnet, a closing electromagnet, an armature movable between pole faces by electromagnetic forces against a spring force of a return spring arrangement for moving the valve into an open position. The valve play is defined by a clearance between the armature and the valve when the armature is in contact with the pole face of the closing magnet and the valve is in the closed position. The method includes the steps of detecting a motion of the armature within the clearance as a function of the course of voltage and/or current in the closing electromagnet; and deriving the size of the valve play from an irregularity (spike) in the course of voltage and/or current. The irregularity is caused by an impacting of the armature on the valve and/or the pole face of the closing electromagnet.

Abstract: A method of reducing NO.sub.x emissions of a turbo-charged internal combustion engine. The engine has an exhaust conduit guiding an exhaust gas stream, a charge-air intake conduit guiding a charge-air stream and a turbocharger including a turbine disposed in the exhaust conduit and a compressor disposed in the charge-air intake conduit. The method comprises the steps of branching off a partial exhaust gas quantity from the exhaust gas stream upstream of the turbine as viewed in a direction of exhaust gas flow; passing the partial exhaust gas quantity through a particle filter; and introducing the partial exhaust gas quantity into the charge-air stream upstream of the compressor.

Abstract: A process and an assembly for supplying a liquid lubricant to points of a reciprocating piston engine which are to be lubricated and which include at least running surfaces of a piston-cylinder tube unit of the reciprocating piston engine. The reciprocating piston engine has a piston and a cylinder. According to the process, the lubricant in at least one conditioning device is united with a gaseous transport medium. In the conditioning device, a lubricating mixture is formed including small liquid particles of lubricant carried by the gaseous transport medium. At least one of the lubricating mixture and the lubricant is passed with the gaseous transport medium through a plurality of supply ducts corresponding to the points to be lubricated. The gaseous transport medium and excess lubricant are drawn away through at least one drain disposed in a region of the points to be lubricated.

Abstract: A filter arrangement for removal of soot particles from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, including a current supply and a filter body. The filter body is composed of a porous filter material. The filter body has a plurality of filter ducts arranged in a honey-comb pattern. Each filter duct has an inlet opening for the intake of the exhaust gases. The filter arrangement further includes a resistance heating element arranged in a region of each inlet opening and having a series of loops each projecting into the filter ducts. The resistance heating element further has a lead-in line and a lead-out line connected to the current supply. A wall of a respective filter duct and a respective heating element loop are form lockingly connected together.

Abstract: A device for the combined blowoff of fuel and air for direct fuel injection systems in internal combustion engines. The device includes a housing having a fuel connection and an air connection as well as a blowoff aperture connected with both connections and closable by electromagnetically operable valves. A fuel valve is arranged behind an air valve, also opening toward said blowoff side of said blowoff aperture. Both valves are arranged concentrically relative to each other and capable of resting with their valve seats sealing against the housing.

Abstract: In a process and device for sensing and evaluating knocking combustion during operation of an internal combustion engine the electromagnetic radiation in a combustion chamber thereof, which changes upon knocking combustion, is detected and transmitted to a measuring and/or processing device. The occurrence of knocking combustion can be precisely determined by measuring the rate of increase in the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation in a volume of the open combustion chamber which is displaced from the spark plug and which is less than 0.04%, preferably 0.004%, of the displacement volume in the top piston dead center.

Abstract: For 4 cycle internal combustion engines with adjustable inlet control periods and individual suction pipe segments per cylinder or per inlet, at low speeds and high torque (high load up to full load) the combustion sequence is improved in that the opening start of the inlet valve is shifted in such a manner to a later instant following the top dead center of the piston that for a suitable suction pipe length the pressure wave generated while opening the inlet causes a recharging of the cylinder prior to closing the inlet.

Abstract: A device for the determination of the alcohol content and/or the calorific value of fuels by measuring the characteristics of the fuel in a measurement cell in which a flow body that is at least partially wetted by the fuel is arranged. The accuracy and speed of this measurement is improved by providing a first electrode for the dielectric measurement of the fuel and a second electrode for the measurement of the conductivity of the fuel on the outside of the flow body. Preferably the first electrode for the measurement of the capacitance, its outer connection and the walls of the measurement cell form a mechanically rigid system. It can also be expedient to mount the measuring circuit for the measurement of at least the capacitance directly on the housing of the measurement cell.

Abstract: In a device for measuring and transmitting the combustion radiation in the combustion chamber of combustion engines, the combustion radiation in the movable part of the combustion engine is detected by means of optical sensors arranged therein and transmited through optical light guides to the fixed part of the engine. At the gap between the movable part and the fixed part an optical light guide emitting with its cross-section representative signals for the determined combustion radiation is arranged in the movable part, and on the fixed part opposite the gap an optical receiver is mounted for receiving and transmitting the received signals.