Abstract: Cephalexin monohydrate prepared by the silylation of 7-ADCA is obtained in high yield and of improved purity when the silylation step is carried out by refluxing in a solvent having a boiling point of over 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for obtaining improved cophalexin monohydrate or cephradine monohydrate yields and purities in the syntheses of such materials by the acylation of silyl esters of 7-ADCA, which involves admixing a cephalexin or cephradine-containing system with base to separate the acid acceptor employed during acylation from the product, and thereafter separating the aqueous phase containing the cephalosporin anion from the organin phase containing the acid acceptor, to thereby prevent contamination of the desired product by the acid acceptor.

Abstract: Ceric hydrocarbyloxy nitrates having the general formula: ##STR1## are obtained by reaction of ceric ammonium nitrate with x moles of ammonia and an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic alcohol having from two to twenty carbon atoms, and are useful in the preparation of ceric hydrocarbyl oxides difficult or expensive of access by other routes, and in synthesis of other organic ceric compounds.

Abstract: A compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is one or more moieties selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, m is an integer from 0 to 3, y is an integer from 1 to 3, x and z are each an integer from 0 to 2, n and p are each an integer from 1 to 20, with the proviso that m+yp=4n, the sum of x, y and z is 3.

Abstract: A procedure for preparing anhydrous cerous nitrate ammonium nitrate complex comprising treating dried anhydrous ceric hexanitro ammonium complex (ceric ammonium nitrate) with a reducing agent such as ammonia whereby Ce.sup.+4 is reduced to Ce.sup.+3 under anhydrous conditions. The resulting Ce.sup.+3 species, a complex of Ce.sup.+3 nitrate and ammonia nitrate, can be used as a source of anhydrous Ce.sup.+3 ions.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing tricyclopentadienyl cerium as well as the mono and dicyclopentadienyl cerium intermediates which comprises reacting an alkali metal cyclopentadienide with ceric ammonium nitrate, in solution in an inert organic solvent in a manner to obtain either tricyclopentadienyl cerium or to form in sequence, and stepwise, monocyclopentadienyl cerium dinitrate, dicyclopentadienyl cerium mononitrate, and tricyclopentadienyl cerium, depending upon the order of addition of the reactants.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing ceric alkoxides, which comprises reacting ceric ammonium nitrate complexed with and in solution in ethylene or propylene glycol ether or tetrahydrofuran with an anhydrous alkali metal alkoxide at a temperature within the range from about -30.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C., preferably from 0.degree. to about 150.degree. C., until ceric alkoxide and the nitrate salt of the base are formed; the nitrate formed during the reaction is insoluble in the glycol ether and tetrahydrofuran and can be separated from the reaction mixture, and the cerium alkoxide when soluble in the glycol ether or tetrahydrofuran can be isolated from the solution pure, or as the complex with the alcohol or with the solvent, or in some cases the alkoxide can be used without separation from the reaction mixture in the presence of the nitrate.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing colloidal dispersions of ceric dioxide in inert organic media which comprises(1) heating(a) ceric dioxide comprising ammonium nitrate or ammonium and nitrate ions in an amount within the range from about 3 to about 14% by weight of the ceric dioxide and a member selected from the group consisting of water, methanol, acetic acid and mixtures thereof in an amount usually from about 10 to about 60 g per mole of CeO.sub.2, sufficient to effect reaction with(b) an organic acid having from about ten to about forty carbon atoms(c) an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of(i) aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as petroleum spirits, benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, chlorotoluene, etc.(ii) aliphatic and cycloaliphatic ethers, such as isopropyl ether or dicyclohexyl ether(iii) aliphatic and cycloaliphatic ketones, such as diisobutylketone or cyclohexanoneat a temperature within the range from about 60.degree. to about 200.degree. C.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing colloidal dispersions of ceric dioxide in inert organic media which comprises(1) heating(a) ceric dioxide comprising ammonium nitrate or ammonium and nitrate ions in an amount within the range from about 3 to about 14% by weight of the ceric dioxide and a member selected from the group consisting of water, methanol, acetic acid and mixtures thereof in an amount usually from about 10 to about 60 g per mole of CeO.sub.2, sufficient to effect reaction with(b) an organic acid having from about ten to about forty carbon atoms(c) an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of(i) aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as petroleum spirits, benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, chlorotoluene, etc.(ii) aliphatic and cycloaliphatic ethers, such as isopropyl ether or dicyclohexyl ether(iii) aliphatic and cycloaliphatic ketones, such as diisobutylketone or cyclohexanoneat a temperature within the range from about 60 to about 200.degree. C.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing tricyclopentadienyl cerium as well as the mono and dicyclopentadienyl cerium intermediates which comprises slowly adding alkali metal cyclopentadienide to a solution of ceric ammonium nitrate, forming, in sequence, and stepwise, monocyclopentadienyl cerium dinitrate, dicyclopentadienyl cerium mononitrate, and tricyclopentadienyl cerium.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing ceric alkoxides, which comprises reacting ceric ammonium nitrate with an alcohol, including a lower aliphatic alcohol, under anhydrous conditions in the presence of an anhydrous base at a temperature within the range from about -30.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C. but preferably from 0.degree. to about 150.degree. C. until ceric alkoxide and the nitrate salt of the base are formed; ceric alkoxides of higher alcohols can be prepared by transetherification of the resulting ceric alkoxide with the higher alcohol, either simultaneously or sequentially, at a temperature within the range from about -30.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C.

Abstract: An improved process for producing meta-phenoxy benzoic acids and their lower alkyl esters in improved yields and with higher selectivity by reacting an alkali metal phenate with a lower alkyl ester of meta-halobenzoic acid in the presence of a copper sulfate catalyst.