Abstract: Alfalfa extract is used as a fuel additive to enhance combustion characteristics of carbonaceous fuels. Among the observed beneficial characteristics are reductions in the level of common pollutants emitted during combustion. The alfalfa extract is dissolved in a naphthenic hydrocarbon and then mixed with a carrier solvent to provide the final fuel additive which is added directly to a wide variety of carbonaceous fuels. Polyethoxylated castor oil surfactants and alkyl nitrate cetane boosters are also used in conjunction with the alfalfa extract to provide enhanced combustion characteristics and reductions in pollutant emissions.

Abstract: Beta-carotene, chlorophyll and jojoba oil are used together as a fuel additive to enhance combustion characteristics of carbonaceous fuels. Among the observed beneficial characteristics are reductions in the level of common pollutants emitted during combustion. Ethoxylated castor oil is also used in conjunction with the beta-carotene, chlorophyll and jojoba oil to provide enhanced combustion characteristics and reductions in pollutant emissions.

Abstract: Efficiency of internal combustion engine performance, i.e. improved mileage per gallon, and improved performance, e.g. lower exhaust temperature, is increased by the addition of carotenoids, beta-carotene in particular, to diesel fuel before use, and the combustion of coal is improved, i.e. higher BTU/lb results, sulfur in emission from such coal combustion is reduced, and sulfur in ash is increased, by the addition of squalene, squalane, carotenoids, beta-carotene in particular, hemoglobin and chlorophyll to the coal before burning.