Abstract: Liquid fuels such as a diesel engine fuel mixture or a light heating oil have as a main component, a fossil diesel engine fuel and/or a biodiesel and/or a vegetable oil and additives. The object is to provide an alternative mixture component for diesel engine fuels or light heating oil which is suitable not only for fossil diesel engine fuels but also biodiesel or vegetable oil, which may be produced inexpensively and which meets the requirements as a pure bio propellant. It is proposed that diesel engine fuel mixture or light heating oil contains, as a mixture component, diethyl oxalate. The heating oil can be made of a mixture which originates from the refining of crude oil and is admixed with up to 25% by volume diethyl oxalate. In addition, for the heating oil, use can be made of a mixture which consists of vegetable oils and up to 50% by volume diethyl oxalate.

Abstract: A method of preparing hot tea for immediate use uses green or black tea leaves or mixtures of the leaves and untreated water that originates from the local supply network as the brewing water. The novel method aims to prevent clouding and the formation of a skin after the brewing process with little effort, cost-effectively and without influencing the flavor or hygienic properties of the tea. Prior to or during the heating of the brewing water, or during the brewing process, potassium-, sodium- or ammonium citrate are added individually or as a mixture, to produce a pH value of between 5 and 7 in a purely aqueous solution. As a result of the addition, the brewed tea is translucent and devoid of the usual clouding and formation of a shimmering skin on the surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fast-acting composition for preparing cold and hot drinks from drinking water, in particular coffee or tea. Starting from the disadvantages of the known prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a fast-acting composition for preparing cold and hot drinks from drinking water which is simple to handle, has a uniformly constant action, excludes the risk of microbe formation and, after a relatively short treatment time of the drinking water, leads to a noticeable improvement in taste of the drink. For this, as a solution a composition is proposed which consists of cellulose fibers which are modified by chemical reaction with formation of phosphate ester groups and have an ion-exchange capacity of at least 50 mg of copper/g of dried fiber, this composition being contacted by immersion with the drinking water or brewing water at least briefly, for a period of a plurality of minutes.

Abstract: Filters and methods for producing filter paper or paper-like nonwoven materially consisting partially or wholly of fibrous cellulose containing material. The filters provided are characterized by high filtration capacity and are capable of absorbing and binding undesirable foreign and attendant substances in the filter medium. The cellulose containing material of the is at least partially carbamided with urea and phosphorylated with phosphoric acid or ammonium phosphate until a nitrogen content in the form of carbamide groups of 1 to 4% and a phosphorous content of 3 to 8% are reached.

Abstract: The invention relates to starch phosphates exhibiting improved properties with regard to application techniques, to a method for the production thereof, and to their use. Based on the disadvantages of the known prior art, the aim of the invention is to produce starch phosphates which have a high degree of substitution, which are resistant to hydrolysis, and which can be produced using phosphorylating agents comprising only a low level of toxicity. To this end, starch phosphates are provided in which the anhydroglucose units are substituted by phosphate ester groups and carbamide groups, and the average degree of substitution DS of the carbamide groups and of the phosphate ester groups is in a range, each time, that is greater than 0.01. The starting materials are used in a mol ratio of anhydroglucose units of the starch:phosphorus of the phosphorylating agent:urea of 1:0.1 to 1.5:0.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing biosorbents by phosphorylation of cellulose-containing materials with phosphoric acid or ammonium phosphate in the presence of urea. Also disclosed are biosorbents with particular good use properties. Biosorbents of this type are used, in particular, for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Proceeding from the disadvantages of the known prior art, purification costs of resultant raw products should be lowered and the formation of unwanted soluble organic polymer phosphates as by-products should be prevented. The biosorbents should have an improved mechanical strength and very good use properties. The disclosed biosorbents contain 5-10 % phosphorus and 1-4 % nitrogen in the form of carbamide groups. The synthesis mixture is mixed with elementary sulphur before starting the reaction in order to produce biosorbents with an increased mechanical strength. The proposed procedure allows reducing the otherwise customary reaction temperatures by about 40° C.