Abstract: A navigation device for land vehicles, particularly for passenger cars and trucks, is proposed which has a storage for geographical data, sensors for detecting actual travel data, a comparison device, and an information delivery device. The navigation device is characterized by the fact that the limit speed (v.sub.i) safe for travel over the path of travel is determined in a calculating unit (9) from the geographical data concerning the course of the path of the travel and is compared with the instantaneous speed of the vehicle. When the limit speed is exceeded in positive or negative direction, an information delivery device (11) is activated and possibly also a conversion device (13), they acting on setting members, for instance brakes or engine control of the vehicle.

Abstract: In accordance with a method of and arrangement for representing point-referenced travel guiding information, especially in power vehicles on a display of an electronic guiding and orienting device, a desired travel route is input, and a travel guiding information is represented at a distance from a reference point determined in accordance with the vehicle speed.

Abstract: An ultrasonic transmitter is disposed on one wall inside the air induction tube of an internal combustion engine and an ultrasonic receiver is disposed on the opposite wall, downstream of the transmitter. A second transmitter-receiver pair is similarly located, but with the positions of transmitter and receiver reversed. Thus, the signals from one transmitter travel generally with the air flow, whereas the signals from the second transmitter travel generally against the air flow. Since the travel time of the signals depends on the velocity of the flowing air, the frequencies of signals from the two receivers are different and this difference is used to determine the air velocity and, hence, the air flow rate.

Abstract: To provide a suitable number of display fields (e.g. ARRIVAL; TIME; etc.), each of which characterizes and identifies the significance or import or meaning of a displayed numerical value on a display device (16), the display fields are associated in groups or sets (11-15; 42-45) having a particular geometric position (columns; segmental), and a plurality of keys (21-25) are provided with each key being associated with a group or set of the display fields, and connected to a counter (61) to select a particular one of the display fields within the group or set by the number of key operations, the numerical value associated with the display field then being displayed on the numerical display (16).

Abstract: A Wiegand wire is placed within the magnetic field generated by a first and second permanent magnet. The first permanent magnet has a field strength exceeding that of the second permanent magnet and the polarity of its magnetic field is opposite that of the second magnet. A rotor having segments of magnetic shielding alternating with slots is rotated between the Wiegand wire and the first magnet. When the magnetic shielding is between the first magnet and the Wiegand wire, the latter is exposed only to the magnetic field of the second permanent magnet. In a second position of the rotor, the Wiegand wire is exposed to both magnetic fields. Since the second permanent magnet generates a stronger field than the first, the direction of magnetization in the Wiegand wire changes abruptly causing a pulse to be generated in pick-up coil 4.

Abstract: A pressure pickup for measuring the pressure in the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. The pressure pickup comprises a part, movable in response to the manifold pressure, to which is coupled means for short-circuiting the magnetic flux lines of an electromagnet so that the change in flux lines is detected by the electromagnetic coil and measured by an induction evaluation circuit and thus indirectly measuring the manifold pressure.

Abstract: A moveable mass is part of a resilient spring system, in which the spring is a leaf spring restrained in a housing. Strain gauges are applied to the leaf spring, the outputs of which are integrated in a bi-polar integrator. Vibration of the leaf spring will cause sequential integration in reverse direction and, accordingly, a low output signal; deflection of the mass, for example upon on impact, will cause the integrator to provide a strong integrating signal which can trigger a collision safety system. The inherent, or characteristic frequency of the system is so selected that it is above the frequency occurring upon an impact of the sensor, or upon collision, but below the frequency occurring due to concussions to which the vehicle, or the mounting post of the apparatus on the vehicle, is subjected in use, or repair.

Abstract: The movable body is supplied with at least two marker elements to move therewith, the reference being at a fixed location at which a stationary transducer is located responsive to the marker elements and to provide output signals staggered in time as the marker elements pass by the transducer, so that the marker elements in combination with the transducer form a pulse source. The individual marker elements are different to provide pulses having respectively different characteristics, which pulses are conducted to threshold stages which, in turn, are connected to a logic circuit to evaluate and logically combine the respectively different pulses from the pulse source. Different pairs of marker elements, for example associated with different pistons of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine can be characterized by additional marker elements providing additional pulses which, in combination with one marker element, can characterize a certain number representative, for example, of a cylinder.

Abstract: A group of information carrying flaps are pivoted to the circumference of a drum so that, upon rotation of the drum, the flaps drop down, one by one; the flaps carry information conveying indicia, for example trouble indication during operation of a motor vehicle. The drum is rotated by a motor. To display a specific information item, that is, to permit a specific flap to drop, the flaps are formed with conductive portions which are coded at an edge, the edges being engaged by the holding springs. If the code, which preferably is a binary code, matches that of a binary number entered into one terminal of a comparator, to which the holding springs are connected, the motor is stopped, thus displaying the specific information carried on the flap having the code which matches that of the code entered into the comparator.